e10vq
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
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þ |
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007
OR
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o |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-33497
Amicus Therapeutics, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
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Delaware
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20-0422823 |
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(State or Other Jurisdiction of
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(I.R.S. Employer |
Incorporation or Organization)
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Identification Number) |
6 Cedar Brook Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512
(Address of Principal Executive Offices and Zip Code)
Registrants Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (609) 662-2000
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed
by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated
filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated
filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of
the Exchange Act): Yes o No þ
The number of shares outstanding of the registrants common stock, $.01 par value
per share, as of October 25, 2007 was 22,357,574 shares.
AMICUS THERAPEUTICS, INC
Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2007
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
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3 |
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Item 1. |
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Financial Statements (unaudited) |
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3 |
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Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2006 and September 30, 2007 |
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3 |
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Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, and period February 4, 2002 (inception) to September 30, 2007 |
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4 |
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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, and period February 4, 2002 (inception) to September 30, 2007 |
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5 |
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
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6 |
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Item 2. |
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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10 |
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Item 3. |
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |
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17 |
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Item 4. |
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Controls and Procedures |
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17 |
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
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19 |
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Item 1. |
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Legal Proceedings |
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19 |
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Item 1A. |
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Risk Factors |
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19 |
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Item 2. |
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Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
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42 |
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Item 3. |
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Defaults Upon Senior Securities |
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42 |
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Item 4. |
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Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
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42 |
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Item 5. |
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Other Information |
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43 |
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Item 6. |
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Exhibits |
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43 |
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SIGNATURES |
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44 |
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INDEX TO EXHIBITS |
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45 |
Certification of CEO |
Certification of CFO |
Certification of CEO and CFO |
We have filed applications to register certain trademarks in the United States and abroad,
including AMICUSTM, AMICUS THERAPEUTICSTM (and design), AMIGALTM
and PLICERATM. Fabrazyme®, Cerezyme®, Myozyme®, Replagal, and Zavesca® are the property
of their respective owners.
-1-
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve
substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical facts,
included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q regarding our strategy, future operations, future
financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management
are forward-looking statements. The words anticipate, believe, estimate, expect, intend,
may, plan, predict, project, will, would and similar expressions are intended to
identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these
identifying words.
The forward-looking statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q include, among other
things, statements about:
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our plans to develop and commercialize Amigal, Plicera and AT2220; |
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our ongoing and planned discovery programs, preclinical studies and clinical trials; |
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our ability to enter into selective collaboration arrangements; |
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the timing of and our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for our product candidates; |
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the rate and degree of market acceptance and clinical utility of our products; |
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our ability to quickly and efficiently identify and develop product candidates; |
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the extent to which our scientific approach may potentially address a broad range of diseases across
multiple therapeutic areas; |
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our commercialization, marketing and manufacturing capabilities and strategy; |
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our intellectual property position; and |
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our estimates regarding expenses, future revenues, capital requirements and needs for additional financing. |
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We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our
forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking
statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and
expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make. We have included important
factors in the cautionary statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, particularly
in the Risk Factors in section 1A of Part II of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, that we
believe could cause actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking
statements that we make. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any
future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, collaborations or investments we may
make.
You should read this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and the documents that we reference
herein. We do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
-2-
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
Amicus Therapeutics, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
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December 31, |
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September 30, |
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2006 |
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2007 |
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Assets: |
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Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
12,127 |
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$ |
19,933 |
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Investments in marketable securities |
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42,572 |
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99,475 |
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Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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321 |
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1,245 |
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Total current assets |
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55,020 |
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120,653 |
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Property and equipment, less accumulated depreciation and amortization of
$1,557 and $2,478 at December 31, 2006 and September 30, 2007, respectively |
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4,358 |
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3,913 |
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Other non-current assets |
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267 |
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267 |
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Total Assets |
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$ |
59,645 |
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$ |
124,833 |
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Liabilities and Stockholders Equity |
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Current liabilities: |
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Accounts payable |
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$ |
1,195 |
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$ |
535 |
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Accrued expenses |
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7,704 |
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7,515 |
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Current portion of capital lease obligations |
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1,307 |
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1,521 |
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Total current liabilities |
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10,206 |
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9,571 |
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Warrant liability |
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609 |
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Capital lease obligations, less current portion |
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2,256 |
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1,573 |
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Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock, $.01 par value, 444,443 shares
authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2006
(aggregate liquidation preference $2,500 at December 31, 2006), no shares
authorized, issued, or outstanding at September 30, 2007 |
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2,476 |
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Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, $.01 par value, 4,936,730
shares
authorized, 4,877,056 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2006
(aggregate liquidation preference $31,000 at December 31, 2006), no shares
authorized, issued, or outstanding at September 30, 2007 |
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30,868 |
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Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock, $.01 par value, 5,820,020
shares
authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2006
(aggregate liquidation preferences $54,999 at December 31, 2006), no shares
authorized, issued, or outstanding at September 30, 2007 |
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54,869 |
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Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock, $.01 par value, 4,930,405
shares authorized, 2,953,878 issued and outstanding at
December 31, 2006 (aggregate liquidation preference $36,000), no shares
authorized, issued, or outstanding at September 30, 2007 |
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35,876 |
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Stockholders (deficiency) equity: |
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Common stock, $.01 par value, 21,333,333 shares authorized, 990,492
shares
issued and outstanding at December 31, 2006, 50,000,000 shares
authorized,
22,372,573 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2007 |
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70 |
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284 |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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6,067 |
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226,246 |
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Accumulated other comprehensive income |
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15 |
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220 |
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Deficit accumulated during the development stage |
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(83,667 |
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(113,061 |
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Total stockholders (deficiency) equity |
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(77,515 |
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113,689 |
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Total Liabilities and Stockholders Equity |
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$ |
59,645 |
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$ |
124,833 |
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See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
-3-
Amicus Therapeutics, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
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Period from |
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February 4, |
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2002 |
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Three Months |
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Nine Months |
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(inception) to |
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Ended September 30, |
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Ended September 30, |
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September 30, |
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2006 |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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2007 |
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2007 |
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Operating Expenses: |
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Research and development |
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$ |
6,725 |
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$ |
7,537 |
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$ |
19,444 |
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$ |
21,404 |
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$ |
80,208 |
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General and administrative |
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3,783 |
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3,954 |
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8,247 |
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9,994 |
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32,786 |
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Impairment of leasehold
improvements |
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1,030 |
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Depreciation and
amortization |
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245 |
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315 |
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661 |
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924 |
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2,481 |
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In-process research and
development |
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418 |
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Total operating expenses |
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10,753 |
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11,806 |
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28,352 |
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32,322 |
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116,923 |
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Loss from operations |
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(10,753 |
) |
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(11,806 |
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(28,352 |
) |
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(32,322 |
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(116,923 |
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Other income (expenses): |
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Interest income |
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519 |
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1,593 |
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1,204 |
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3,346 |
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6,154 |
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Interest expense |
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(75 |
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(90 |
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(200 |
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(269 |
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(1,351 |
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Change in fair value of
warrant liability |
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(154 |
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(27 |
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(149 |
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(454 |
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Other expense |
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(1,180 |
) |
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(1,180 |
) |
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(1,182 |
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Loss before tax benefit |
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(11,643 |
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(10,303 |
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(28,555 |
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(29,394 |
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(113,756 |
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Income tax benefit |
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695 |
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Net loss |
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(11,643 |
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(10,303 |
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(28,555 |
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(29,394 |
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(113,061 |
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Deemed dividend |
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(19,424 |
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(19,424 |
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Preferred stock accretion |
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(41 |
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(122 |
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(351 |
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(802 |
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Net loss attributable to common
stockholders |
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$ |
(11,684 |
) |
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$ |
(10,303 |
) |
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$ |
(48,101 |
) |
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$ |
(29,745 |
) |
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$ |
(133,287 |
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Net loss attributable to common
stockholders per
common share basic and
diluted |
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$ |
(15.01 |
) |
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$ |
(0.46 |
) |
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$ |
(70.72 |
) |
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$ |
(2.92 |
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Weighted-average common shares
outstanding
basic and diluted |
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778,561 |
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22,291,832 |
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680,114 |
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10,177,449 |
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See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
-4-
Amicus Therapeutics, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)
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Period from |
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February 4, 2002 |
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Nine Months |
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(inception) to |
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Ended September 30, |
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September 30, |
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2006 |
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2007 |
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|
2007 |
|
Operating activities |
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Net loss |
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$ |
(28,555 |
) |
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$ |
(29,394 |
) |
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$ |
(113,061 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used
in operating activities: |
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Non-cash interest expense |
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525 |
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Depreciation and amortization |
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|
661 |
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|
924 |
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|
2,481 |
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Amortization of non-cash compensation |
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522 |
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Stock-based compensation employees |
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1,773 |
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|
2,712 |
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5,528 |
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Stock-based compensation non-employees |
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|
462 |
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|
162 |
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|
853 |
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Stock-based license payments |
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|
1,220 |
|
Change in fair value of warrant liability |
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|
26 |
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|
149 |
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|
454 |
|
Impairment of leasehold improvements |
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|
1,030 |
|
Non-cash charge for in-process research and development |
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|
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|
418 |
|
Beneficial conversion feature related to bridge financing |
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|
135 |
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
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|
|
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Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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|
177 |
|
|
|
(924 |
) |
|
|
(1,245 |
) |
Other non-current assets |
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|
266 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(291 |
) |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
|
|
600 |
|
|
|
(849 |
) |
|
|
8,050 |
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|
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Net cash used in operating activities |
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|
(24,590 |
) |
|
|
(27,220 |
) |
|
|
(93,381 |
) |
Investing activities |
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|
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Sale and redemption of marketable securities |
|
|
25,055 |
|
|
|
70,404 |
|
|
|
113,100 |
|
Purchases of marketable securities |
|
|
(31,583 |
) |
|
|
(127,101 |
) |
|
|
(212,472 |
) |
Purchases of property and equipment |
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|
(1,587 |
) |
|
|
(479 |
) |
|
|
(7,422 |
) |
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Net cash used in investing activities |
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|
(8,115 |
) |
|
|
(57,176 |
) |
|
|
(106,794 |
) |
Financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from the issuance of preferred stock,
net of issuance costs |
|
|
63,447 |
|
|
|
24,053 |
|
|
|
143,022 |
|
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
68,146 |
|
|
|
68,146 |
|
Proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,000 |
|
Payments of capital lease obligations |
|
|
(542 |
) |
|
|
(1,016 |
) |
|
|
(2,493 |
) |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
375 |
|
|
|
558 |
|
Proceeds from exercise of warrants (common and preferred) |
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
98 |
|
|
|
264 |
|
Proceeds from capital asset financing arrangement |
|
|
2,199 |
|
|
|
546 |
|
|
|
5,611 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
|
65,338 |
|
|
|
92,202 |
|
|
|
220,108 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
32,633 |
|
|
|
7,806 |
|
|
|
19,933 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
|
|
6,449 |
|
|
|
12,127 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
|
$ |
39,082 |
|
|
$ |
19,933 |
|
|
$ |
19,933 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid during the period for interest |
|
$ |
200 |
|
|
$ |
268 |
|
|
$ |
1,056 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-cash activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conversion of notes payable to series B redeemable convertible
preferred stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
5,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
148,591 |
|
|
$ |
148,591 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock |
|
$ |
122 |
|
|
$ |
351 |
|
|
$ |
802 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beneficial conversion feature related to issuance of the second
tranche of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock |
|
$ |
19,424 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
19,424 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
-5-
1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Corporate Information, Status of Operations and Management Plans
Amicus Therapeutics, Inc. (the Company) was incorporated on February 4, 2002 in Delaware for
the purpose of creating a premier drug development company at the forefront of therapy for human
genetic diseases initially based on intellectual property in-licensed from Mount Sinai School of
Medicine. The Companys activities since inception have consisted principally of raising capital,
establishing facilities, and performing research and development, including clinical trials.
Accordingly, the Company is considered to be in the development stage.
The Company has an accumulated deficit of approximately $113.1 million at September 30, 2007
and anticipates incurring losses through the year 2007 and beyond. The Company has not yet
generated revenues and has been able to fund its operating losses to date through its initial
public offering of common stock, its issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock, its
issuance of convertible notes, and other financing arrangements. Successful transition to attaining
profitable operations is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support the
Companys cost structure, and until that time, the Company will have to continue to raise
additional debt or equity financing. If adequate funds are not available, the Company may have to
substantially reduce or eliminate expenditures relating to the development of its product
candidates or cease operations.
Management believes that the Companys current cash position is sufficient to cover its cash
flow requirements until at least September 30, 2008.
Basis of Presentation
The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S.
GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10-01
of Regulations S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures
required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the
opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited financial statements reflect all adjustments,
which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the Companys interim
financial information.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read
in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006 included
in the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended, which was declared effective by
the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on May 30, 2007.
Initial Public Offering
In June 2007, the Company closed its initial public offering of 5,000,000 shares of its common
stock at a public offering price of $15.00 per share. Net proceeds to the Company were
approximately $68.1 million, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering
expenses totaling approximately $6.9 million.
In connection with the initial public offering, the outstanding shares of series A redeemable
convertible preferred stock were converted into 444,443 shares of common stock, the outstanding
shares of series B redeemable convertible preferred stock were converted into 4,877,056 shares of
common stock, the outstanding shares of series C redeemable convertible preferred stock were
converted into 5,820,020 shares of common stock and the outstanding shares of series D redeemable
convertible preferred stock were converted into 4,930,405 shares of common stock. In connection
with the initial public offering, the outstanding warrants to purchase series B redeemable
convertible preferred stock were automatically exercised and the shares of series B redeemable
convertible preferred stock automatically converted into 40,797 shares of the common stock. As a
result, the Company no longer recognizes accretion expense for preferred stock or non-operating
income or expense for changes in the fair value of the warrant liability.
-6-
Income Taxes
The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for income taxes, including the
recognition of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities for the anticipated future tax
consequences attributable to differences between financial statements amounts and their respective
tax bases. The Company reviews its deferred tax assets for recovery. A valuation allowance is
established when the Company believes that it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets
will not be realized. Changes in valuation allowances from period to period are included in the
Companys tax provision in the period of change.
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Interpretation No. 48,
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48)
to create a single model to address accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. FIN 48 clarifies
the accounting for income taxes, by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is
required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. FIN 48 also provides guidance
on de-recognition, measurement, and classification of amounts relating to uncertain tax positions,
accounting for and disclosure of interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures
and transition relating to the adoption of the new accounting standard. FIN 48 is effective for
fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company adopted FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007,
as required and determined that the adoption of FIN 48 did not have a material impact on the
Companys financial position and results of operations. The Company did not recognize interest or
penalties related to income tax during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 or 2007
and did not accrue for interest or penalties as of September 30, 2007 or December 31, 2006. The
Company does not have an accrual for uncertain tax positions as of September 30, 2007. Tax returns
for all years 2002 and thereafter are subject to future examination by tax authorities.
Investment in Marketable Securities
Marketable securities consist of fixed income investments with a maturity of greater than
three months and other highly liquid investments that can be readily purchased or sold using
established markets. In accordance with FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS)
No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities (SFAS No. 115), these
investments are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value on the Companys
balance sheet. Unrealized holding gains and losses are reported within accumulated other
comprehensive income/(loss) as a separate component of stockholders equity/(deficiency). If a
decline in the fair value of a marketable security below the Companys cost basis is determined to
be other than temporary, such marketable security is written down to its estimated fair value as a
new cost basis and the amount of the write-down is included in earnings as an impairment charge. No
other than temporary impairment charges have been recorded.
New Accounting Standards
In June 2007, the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) of the FASB reached a consensus on Issue
No. 07-3, Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services Received for Use in
Future Research and Development Activities (EITF 07-3). EITF 07-3 requires that non-refundable
advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and
development activities should be deferred and capitalized. As the related goods are delivered or
the services are performed, or when the goods or services are no longer expected to be provided,
the deferred amounts would be recognized as an expense. This Issue is effective for financial
statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007. The Company is currently
evaluating the impact, if any, that the adoption of EITF 07-3 will have on the Companys results of
operations or financial condition.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and
Financial LiabilitiesIncluding an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115, or SFAS No. 159, which is
effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. SFAS No. 159 permits the Company to
choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The objective
is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility
in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having
to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. SFAS No. 159 is expected to expand the use of fair
value measurement, which is consistent with the FASBs long-term measurement objectives for
accounting for financial instruments. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal year 2008 but early
adoption is permitted.
-7-
The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, that the adoption of SFAS No. 159 will
have on the Companys financial statements.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measures (SFAS No. 157). SFAS No.
157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and enhances disclosures
about fair value measures required under other accounting pronouncements, but does not change
existing guidance as to whether or not an instrument is carried at fair value. SFAS No. 157 is
effective as of the beginning of the Companys 2008 fiscal year. The Company does not expect this
will have a significant impact on the financial statements of the Company.
2. Stock-Based Compensation
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, the Company recorded compensation
expense of approximately $1.1 million and $2.9 million, respectively. The stock-based compensation
expense had no impact on the Companys cash flows from operations and financing activities. As of
September 30, 2007, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options
granted was $12.2 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of
2.0 years.
The fair value of the options granted is estimated on the date of grant using a
Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months |
|
Nine Months |
|
Three Months |
|
Nine Months |
|
|
Ended |
|
Ended |
|
Ended |
|
Ended |
|
|
September 30, |
|
September 30, |
|
September 30, |
|
September 30, |
|
|
2006 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2007 |
Expected stock price volatility |
|
|
80.0 |
% |
|
|
73.9 |
% |
|
|
78.9 |
% |
|
|
78.2 |
% |
Risk free interest rate |
|
|
4.8 |
% |
|
|
4.7 |
% |
|
|
4.7 |
% |
|
|
4.6 |
% |
Expected life of options (years) |
|
|
6.25 |
|
|
|
6.25 |
|
|
|
6.25 |
|
|
|
6.25 |
|
Expected annual dividend per
share |
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
A summary of option activities related to the Companys stock options for the nine months
ended September 30, 2007 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
Average |
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
Average |
|
Remaining |
|
Aggregate |
|
|
of |
|
Exercise |
|
Contractual |
|
Intrinsic |
|
|
Shares |
|
Price |
|
Life |
|
Value |
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
(in millions) |
Balance at December 31, 2006 |
|
|
1,868.5 |
|
|
$ |
4.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options granted |
|
|
942.7 |
|
|
$ |
13.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options exercised |
|
|
(269.4 |
) |
|
$ |
1.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options forfeited |
|
|
(128.5 |
) |
|
$ |
8.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at September 30, 2007 |
|
|
2,413.3 |
|
|
$ |
7.86 |
|
|
8.4 years |
|
$ |
21.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vested and unvested expected
to vest, September 30, 2007 |
|
|
2,174.2 |
|
|
$ |
7.61 |
|
|
8.3 years |
|
$ |
19.8 |
|
Exercisable at September 30,
2007 |
|
|
652.4 |
|
|
$ |
4.64 |
|
|
7.3 years |
|
$ |
7.9 |
|
3. Basic and Diluted Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders per Common Share
The Company calculates net loss per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share.
The Company has determined that its series A, B, C, and D redeemable convertible preferred stock
represented participating securities in accordance with EITF 03-6 Participating Securities and the
TwoClass Method under FASB Statement No. 128. However, because the Company operates at a loss, and
losses are not allocated to the redeemable convertible preferred stock, the two-class method does not affect the Companys
calculation of earnings
-8-
per share. The Company has a net loss for all periods presented;
accordingly, the inclusion of common stock options and warrants would be anti-dilutive. Therefore,
the weighted average shares used to calculate both basic and diluted earnings per share are the
same.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
September 30, |
|
September 30, |
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
Statement of Operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders |
|
$ |
(11,684 |
) |
|
$ |
(10,303 |
) |
|
$ |
(48,101 |
) |
|
$ |
(29,745 |
) |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders per
common share basic and diluted |
|
$ |
(15.01 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.46 |
) |
|
$ |
(70.72 |
) |
|
$ |
(2.92 |
) |
4. Comprehensive Loss
The components of comprehensive loss are as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(11,643 |
) |
|
$ |
(10,303 |
) |
|
$ |
(28,555 |
) |
|
$ |
(29,394 |
) |
Change in
unrealized net gain
on marketable
securities |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive loss |
|
$ |
(11,627 |
) |
|
$ |
(10,196 |
) |
|
$ |
(28,517 |
) |
|
$ |
(29,189 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive loss equals the unrealized net gains on marketable securities
which are the only components of other comprehensive loss included in the Companys financial
statements.
5. Capital Structure
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
In March 2007, the Company issued an additional 1,976,527 shares of its series D redeemable
convertible preferred stock for gross proceeds of $24.1 million.
On June 5, 2007, all outstanding shares of the Companys series A redeemable convertible
preferred stock, series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, series C redeemable convertible
preferred stock, and series D redeemable convertible preferred stock were automatically converted
into shares of common stock at the closing of the Companys initial public offering.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A |
|
|
Series B |
|
|
Series C |
|
|
Series D |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
|
Shares |
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
Shares |
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
Shares |
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
Shares |
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Balance at December 31,
2006 |
|
|
444,443 |
|
|
$ |
2,476 |
|
|
|
4,877,056 |
|
|
$ |
30,868 |
|
|
|
5,820,020 |
|
|
$ |
54,869 |
|
|
|
2,953,878 |
|
|
$ |
35,876 |
|
Issuance of Series D at
$12.15 per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,976,527 |
|
|
|
24,053 |
|
Series B warrant exercise |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40,797 |
|
|
|
98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accretion to redemption
value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
71 |
|
Conversion of preferred
stock to common |
|
|
(444,443 |
) |
|
|
(2,500 |
) |
|
|
(4,917,853 |
) |
|
|
(31,092 |
) |
|
|
(5,820,020 |
) |
|
|
(54,999 |
) |
|
|
(4,930,405 |
) |
|
|
(60,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at September 30,
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-9-
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and
commercialization of novel small molecule, orally-administered drugs, known as pharmacological
chaperones, for the treatment of a range of human genetic diseases. Certain human diseases result
from mutations in specific genes that, in many cases, lead to the production of proteins with
reduced stability. Proteins with such mutations may not fold into their correct three-dimensional
shape and are generally referred to as misfolded proteins. Misfolded proteins are often recognized
by cells as having defects and, as a result, may be eliminated prior to reaching their intended
location in the cell. The reduced biological activity of these proteins leads to impaired cellular
function and ultimately to disease. Our novel approach to the treatment of human genetic diseases
consists of using pharmacological chaperones that selectively bind to the target protein;
increasing the stability of the protein and helping it fold into the correct three-dimensional
shape. This allows proper trafficking of the protein, thereby increasing protein activity,
improving cellular function and potentially reducing cell stress. We are currently conducting Phase
II clinical trials of Amigal for Fabry disease, Phase II clinical trials of Plicera for Gaucher
disease, and Phase I clinical trials of AT2220 for Pompe disease.
We have generated significant losses to date and expect to continue to generate losses as we
continue the clinical development of Amigal, Plicera, and AT2220. From our inception in February
2002 through September 30, 2007, we have accumulated a deficit of $113.1 million. Because we do not
generate revenue from any of our product candidates, our losses will continue as we conduct our
research and development activities. These activities are budgeted to expand over time and will
require further resources if we are to be successful. As a result, our operating losses are likely
to be substantial over the next several years. We will need to obtain additional funds to further
develop our research and development programs and product candidates.
In June 2007, we completed our initial public offering of 5,000,000 shares of common stock at
a public offering price of $15.00 per share. Net cash proceeds from the initial public offering
were approximately $68.1 million after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering
expenses payable by us. In connection with the closing of the initial public offering, all of the
Companys shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding at the time of the offering
were automatically converted into 16,112,721 shares of common stock.
Financial Operations Overview
Revenue
We have not generated any revenue since our inception. To date, we have funded our operations
primarily through the sale of equity securities and equipment financings through capital leases. If
our development efforts result in clinical success, regulatory approval and successful
commercialization of any of our product candidates, we could generate revenue from sales of our
product candidates.
Research and Development Expenses
We expect our research and development expense to increase as we continue to develop our
product candidates. Research and development expense consists of:
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|
|
internal costs associated with our research activities; |
|
|
|
|
payments we make to third party contract research organizations,
contract manufacturers, investigative sites, and consultants; |
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|
technology and intellectual property license costs; |
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|
|
|
manufacturing development costs; |
|
|
|
|
personnel related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel, and
related costs for the personnel involved in drug discovery and
development; |
|
|
|
|
activities relating to regulatory filings and the advancement of our
product candidates through preclinical studies and clinical trials;
and |
-10-
|
|
|
facilities and other allocated expenses, which include direct and
allocated expenses for rent, facility maintenance, as well as
laboratory and other supplies. |
We have multiple research and development projects ongoing at any one time. We utilize our
internal resources, employees and infrastructure across multiple projects. We do not believe that
allocating internal costs on the basis of estimates of time spent by our employees would accurately
represent the actual costs of a project. We do, however, record and maintain information regarding
external, out-of-pocket research and development expenses on a project specific basis.
We expense research and development costs as incurred, including payments made to date under
our license agreements. We believe that significant investment in product development is a
competitive necessity and plan to continue these investments in order to realize the potential of
our product candidates. From our inception in February 2002 through September 30, 2007, we have
incurred research and development expense in the aggregate of $80.2 million, including stock-based
compensation expense of $3.4 million.
The following table summarizes our principal product development programs, including the
related stages of development for each product candidate in development, and the out-of-pocket,
third party expenses incurred with respect to each product candidate (in thousands).
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period from |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
February 4, 2002 |
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
(inception) to |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
Product Candidate |
|
2006 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Third party direct project expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amigal (Fabry Disease Phase II) |
|
$ |
595 |
|
|
$ |
1,667 |
|
|
$ |
2,181 |
|
|
$ |
4,073 |
|
|
$ |
20,455 |
|
Plicera (Gaucher Disease Phase II) |
|
|
1,861 |
|
|
|
978 |
|
|
|
5,669 |
|
|
|
3,548 |
|
|
|
15,278 |
|
AT2220 (Pompe Disease Phase I) |
|
|
497 |
|
|
|
932 |
|
|
|
1,610 |
|
|
|
2,565 |
|
|
|
7,328 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total third party direct project
expenses |
|
|
2,953 |
|
|
|
3,577 |
|
|
|
9,460 |
|
|
|
10,186 |
|
|
|
43,061 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other project costs (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Personnel costs |
|
|
2,018 |
|
|
|
2,409 |
|
|
|
5,483 |
|
|
|
7,009 |
|
|
|
21,719 |
|
Other costs (2) |
|
|
1,754 |
|
|
|
1,551 |
|
|
|
4,501 |
|
|
|
4,209 |
|
|
|
15,428 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other project costs |
|
|
3,772 |
|
|
|
3,960 |
|
|
|
9,984 |
|
|
|
11,218 |
|
|
|
37,147 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total research and development costs |
|
$ |
6,725 |
|
|
$ |
7,537 |
|
|
$ |
19,444 |
|
|
$ |
21,404 |
|
|
$ |
80,208 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Other project costs are leveraged across multiple projects. |
|
(2) |
|
Other costs include facility, supply, overhead, and licensing costs that support multiple
clinical and preclinical projects. |
The successful development of our product candidates is highly uncertain. At this time, we
cannot reasonably estimate or know the nature, timing and costs of the efforts that will be
necessary to complete the remainder of the development of, or the period, if any, in which material
net cash inflows may commence from Amigal, Plicera, AT2220 or any of our other preclinical product
candidates. This uncertainty is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the
duration and cost of clinical trials, which vary significantly over the life of a project as a
result of differences arising during clinical development, including:
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|
the number of clinical sites included in the trials; |
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|
the length of time required to enroll suitable patients; |
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|
|
the number of patients that ultimately participate in the trials; and |
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|
|
|
the results of our clinical trials. |
Our expenditures are subject to additional uncertainties, including the terms and timing of
regulatory approvals, and the expense of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent
claims or other intellectual property rights. We may obtain unexpected results from our clinical
trials. We may elect to discontinue, delay or modify clinical trials of some product candidates or
focus on others. A change in the outcome of any of the foregoing variables with respect to the
development of a product candidate could mean a significant change in the costs and
-11-
timing associated with the development of that product candidate. For example, if the FDA or other
regulatory authorities were to require us to conduct clinical trials beyond those which we
currently anticipate, or if we experience significant delays in enrollment in any of our clinical
trials, we could be required to expend significant additional financial resources and time on the
completion of clinical development. Drug development may take several years and millions of dollars
in development costs.
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries and other related costs,
including stock-based compensation expense, for persons serving in our executive, finance,
accounting, information technology and human resource functions. Other general and administrative
expense includes facility-related costs not otherwise included in research and development expense,
promotional expenses, costs associated with industry and trade shows, and professional fees for
legal services, including patent-related expense and accounting services. We expect that our
general and administrative expenses will increase as we add personnel and are subject to the
reporting obligations applicable to public companies. From our inception in February 2002 through
September 30, 2007, we spent $32.8 million, including stock-based compensation expense of
$4.3 million, on general and administrative expense.
Interest Income and Interest Expense
Interest income consists of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents and marketable
securities. Interest expense consists of interest incurred on our capital lease facility.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on
our financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported
revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates
and judgments, including those described in greater detail below. We base our estimates on
historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the
circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of
assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ
from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
While there were no significant changes during the quarter ended September 30, 2007 to the
items that we disclosed as our significant accounting policies and estimates described in Note 2 to
our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006 in our
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-141700), we believe that the following accounting
policies are the most critical to aid you in fully understanding and evaluating our financial
condition and results of operations.
Accrued Expenses
As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate
accrued expenses. This process involves identifying services that have been performed on our behalf
and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when
we have not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of actual cost. The majority of our service
providers invoice us monthly in arrears for services performed. We make estimates of our accrued
expenses as of each balance sheet date in our financial statements based on facts and circumstances
known to us. Examples of estimated accrued expenses include:
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|
|
fees owed to contract research organizations in connection with preclinical and
toxicology studies and clinical trials; |
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|
|
fees owed to investigative sites in connection with clinical trials; |
|
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|
|
fees owed to contract manufacturers in connection with the production of clinical trial
materials; |
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|
|
|
fees owed for professional services, and |
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|
|
unpaid salaries, wages and benefits. |
-12-
Stock-Based Compensation
Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment, using the fair
value method, which requires a public entity to measure the cost of employee services received in
exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Our
financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007
reflect the impact of SFAS No. 123(R). We chose the straight-line attribution method for
allocating compensation costs and recognized the fair value of each stock option on a straight-line
basis over the requisite service period of the last separately vesting portion of each award.
Expected volatility was calculated based on a blended weighted average of historical information
of our stock and the weighted average of historical information of similar public entities for
which historical information was available. The average expected life was determined using the SEC
shortcut approach as described in Staff Accounting Bulletin, Disclosure about Fair Value of
Financial Instruments, which is the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the
contractual term. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury, zero-coupon issues with a
remaining term equal to the expected life assumed at the date of grant.
We account for equity instruments issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of
Emerging Issues Task Force No. 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other
Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services. The equity
instruments, consisting of stock options, are valued using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation
model. The measurement of stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustments as the
underlying equity instruments vest.
Basic and Diluted Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders per Common Share
We calculated net loss per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share. We have
determined that the series A, B, C, and D redeemable convertible preferred stock represented
participating securities in accordance with Emerging Issue Task Force, or EITF, 03-6 Participating
Securities and the Two Class Method under FASB Statement No. 128. However, because we operate at
a loss, and losses are not allocated to the redeemable convertible preferred stock, the two class
method does not affect our calculation of earnings per share. We had a net loss for all periods
presented; accordingly, the inclusion of common stock options and warrants would be anti-dilutive.
Therefore, the weighted average shares used to calculate both basic and diluted earnings per share
are the same.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in
computing basic and diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders per common share and pro
forma net loss attributable to common stockholders per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
(In thousands, except per share amount) |
|
2006 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Historical |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Numerator: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(11,643 |
) |
|
$ |
(10,303 |
) |
|
$ |
(28,555 |
) |
|
$ |
(29,394 |
) |
Deemed dividend |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(19,424 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Accretion of redeemable
convertible preferred stock |
|
|
(41 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(122 |
) |
|
|
(351 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss attributable to common
stockholders |
|
$ |
(11,684 |
) |
|
$ |
(10,303 |
) |
|
$ |
(48,101 |
) |
|
$ |
(29,745 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common shares
outstanding basic and diluted |
|
|
778,561 |
|
|
|
22,291,832 |
|
|
|
680,114 |
|
|
|
10,177,449 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dilutive common stock equivalents would include the dilutive effect of convertible securities,
common stock options and warrants for common stock equivalents. Potentially dilutive common stock
equivalents totaled
-13-
approximately 17,334,242 and 24,791,239 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006
and 2007, respectively. Potentially dilutive common stock equivalents were excluded from the
diluted earnings per share denominator for all periods because of their anti-dilutive effect.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2006
Research and Development Expense. Research and development expense was $7.5 million for the
three months ended September 30, 2007 representing an increase of $0.8 million or 12% from $6.7
million for the three months ended September 30, 2006. The variance was primarily attributable to
higher personnel costs associated with headcount growth, partially offset by lower third party
direct project costs.
General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense was $4.0 million for
the three months ended September 30, 2007, an increase of $0.2 million or 5% from $3.8 million from
the three months ended September 30, 2006. The variance was primarily attributable to higher
personnel costs associated with headcount growth, partially offset by lower consulting and
professional fees.
Interest Income and Interest Expense. Interest income was $1.6 million for the three months
ended September 30, 2007, compared to $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006.
The increase of $1.1 million or 220% was due to higher cash balances as a result of the issuance of
the second tranche of our series D redeemable convertible preferred stock and our initial public
offering. Interest expense was $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006
Research and Development Expense. Research and development expense was $21.4 million for the
nine months ended September 30, 2007, representing an increase of $2.0 million or 10% from $19.4
million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The increase was primarily attributable to
increases in third party direct project costs of $0.7 million and an increase in personnel costs of
$1.5 million associated with headcount growth.
General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense was $10.0 million for
the nine months ended September 30, 2007, an increase of $1.8 million or 22% from $8.2 million for
the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The increase resulted primarily from an increase in
personnel costs attributable to headcount growth.
Interest Income and Interest Expense. Interest income was $3.3 million for the nine months
ended September 30, 2007, compared to $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006.
The increase of $2.1 million or 175% was due to higher cash balances as a result of the issuance of
the second tranche of series D redeemable convertible preferred stock and our initial public
offering. Interest expense was $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, compared
to $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The increase in interest expense
resulted from additional capital lease borrowings during the second quarter of 2007.
-14-
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Source of Liquidity
As a result of our significant research and development expenditures and the lack of any
approved products to generate product sales revenue, we have not been profitable and have generated
operating losses since we were incorporated in 2002. We have funded our operations principally with
$148.7 million of proceeds from redeemable convertible preferred stock offerings and $75.0 million
of gross proceeds from our initial public offering in June 2007. The following table summarizes
our funding sources as of September 30, 2007:
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Approximate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount (1) |
|
Issue |
|
Year |
|
|
No. Shares |
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Series A Redeemable
Convertible
Preferred Stock |
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
444,443 |
|
|
$ |
2,500 |
|
Series B Redeemable
Convertible
Preferred Stock |
|
|
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 |
|
|
|
4,917,853 |
|
|
|
31,189 |
|
Series C Redeemable
Convertible
Preferred Stock |
|
|
2005, 2006 |
|
|
|
5,820,020 |
|
|
|
54,999 |
|
Series D Redeemable
Convertible
Preferred Stock |
|
|
2006, 2007 |
|
|
|
4,930,405 |
|
|
|
60,000 |
|
Common Stock |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
5,000,000 |
|
|
|
75,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21,112,721 |
|
|
$ |
223,688 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Represents gross proceeds |
As of September 30, 2007, we had cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities of $119.4
million. We hold our cash and investment balances in a variety of interest-bearing instruments,
including obligations of U.S. government agencies and money market accounts. We invest cash in
excess of our immediate requirements with regard to liquidity and capital preservation. Wherever
possible, we seek to minimize the potential effects of concentration and degrees of risk.
Also, we maintain cash balances with financial institutions in excess of insured limits. We do
not anticipate any losses with respect to such cash balances.
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
Net cash used in operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was $24.6 million.
The net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 of $28.6 million was offset primarily by
non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization of $0.7 million, stock-based compensation of
$2.2 million and changes in operating assets and liabilities of $1.0 million.
Net cash used in operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 was $27.2 million due
to the net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 of $29.4 million and the change in
operating assets and liabilities of $1.7 million, offset primarily by non-cash charges for
depreciation and amortization of $0.9 million, stock-based compensation of $2.9 million and the
change in fair value of warrant liability of $0.1 million.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was
$8.1 million. Net cash provided by investing activities reflects $31.6 million cash used for the
purchase of marketable securities and $1.6 million for the acquisition of property and equipment,
offset by $25.1 million of cash provided by the sale and redemption of marketable securities.
Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 was
$57.2 million. Net cash used in investing activities reflects $127.1 million for the purchase of
marketable securities and $0.5 million for the acquisition of property and equipment, partially
offset by $70.4 million for the sale and redemption of marketable securities.
-15-
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was
$65.3 million. Net cash provided by financing activities mainly reflects $27.5 million of proceeds
from the issuance of our series C redeemable convertible preferred stock, $35.9 million of proceeds
from the issuance of our series D redeemable convertible preferred stock, $0.2 million of proceeds
from the exercise of warrants and stock options; and $2.2 million of proceeds from our capital
asset financing arrangement, which are offset by $0.5 million of payments of capital lease
obligations.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 was
$92.2 million, consisting primarily of $24.1 million from the issuance of series D redeemable
convertible preferred stock, $68.1 million from the issuance of common stock, $0.5 million from
asset financing arrangements, and $0.5 million proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants
offset by payments of equipment debt financing obligations of $1.0 million.
Funding Requirements
We expect to incur losses from operations for the foreseeable future. We expect to incur
increasing research and development expenses, including expenses related to the hiring of personnel
and additional clinical trials. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will also
increase as we expand our finance and administrative staff, add infrastructure, and incur
additional costs related to being a public company, including directors and officers insurance,
investor relations programs, and increased professional fees. Our future capital requirements will
depend on a number of factors, including the continued progress of our research and development of
products, the progress and results of our clinical trials, the duration and cost of discovery and
preclinical development and laboratory testing and clinical trials for our product candidates, the
timing and outcome of regulatory review of our product candidates, the number and development
requirements of other product candidates that we pursue, the costs involved in preparing, filing,
prosecuting, maintaining, defending, and enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property
rights, the acquisition of licenses to new products or compounds, the status of competitive
products, the availability of financing, our success in developing markets for our product
candidates and the costs of commercialization activities, including product marketing, sales and
distribution.
We believe that the net proceeds from our initial public offering in June 2007 together with
our existing cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, will be sufficient to enable us
to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements at least until early 2010. We
have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our available
capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties
associated with the development and commercialization of our product candidates, we are unable to
estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our
current and anticipated clinical trials.
We do not anticipate that we will generate product revenue for at least the next several
years. In the absence of additional funding, we expect our continuing operating losses to result in
increases in our cash used in operations over the next several quarters and years.
We will need to finance our future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt
financings or corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements. We do not currently have any
commitments for future external funding. We may need to raise additional funds more quickly if one
or more of our assumptions prove to be incorrect or if we choose to expand our product development
efforts more rapidly than we presently anticipate, and we may decide to raise additional funds even
before we need them if the conditions for raising capital are favorable. We may seek to sell
additional equity or debt securities or obtain a bank credit facility. The sale of additional
equity or debt securities, if convertible, could result in dilution to our stockholders. The
incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could also result in
covenants that would restrict our operations.
Additional equity or debt financing, grants, or corporate collaboration and licensing
arrangements may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. If adequate funds are not
available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate our research and
development programs, reduce our planned commercialization efforts or
-16-
obtain funds through arrangements with collaborators or others that may require us to
relinquish rights to certain product candidates that we might otherwise seek to develop or
commercialize independently.
Financial Uncertainties Related to Potential Future Milestone Payments
We have acquired rights to develop and commercialize our product candidates through licenses
granted by various parties. Two of these agreements contain milestone payments that are due with
respect to Plicera only if certain specified pre-commercialization events occur. Amigal and AT2220
do not trigger such milestone payments. Upon the satisfaction of certain milestones and assuming
successful development of Plicera, we may be obligated, under the agreements that we have in place,
to make future milestone payments aggregating up to approximately $7.9 million. In general,
potential milestone payments for Plicera may or may not be triggered under these licenses, and may
vary in size, depending on a number of variables, almost all of which are currently uncertain.
The events that trigger these payments include:
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completion of Phase II clinical trials; |
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commencement of Phase III clinical trials; |
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submission of an NDA to the FDA or foreign equivalents; and |
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receipt of marketing approval from the FDA or foreign equivalents. |
Under our license agreements, if we owe royalties on net sales for one of our products to more
than one of the above licensors, then we have the right to reduce the royalties owed to one
licensor for royalties paid to another. The amount of royalties to be offset is generally limited
in each license and can vary under each agreement. For Amigal and AT2220, we will owe royalties
only to Mt. Sinai School of Medicine. We expect to pay royalties to all three licensors with
respect to Plicera. To date, we have not made any royalty payments on sales of our products and
believe we are several years away from selling any products that would require us to make any such
royalty payments. Whether we will be obligated to make milestone or royalty payments in the future
is subject to the success of our product development efforts and, accordingly, is inherently
uncertain.
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve our capital to fund
operations. We also seek to maximize income from our investments without assuming significant risk.
To achieve our objectives, we maintain a portfolio of cash equivalents and investments in a variety
of securities of high credit quality. As of September 30, 2007, we had cash and cash equivalents
and investments in marketable securities of $119.4 million. A portion of our investments may be
subject to interest rate risk and could fall in value if market interest rates increase. However,
because our investments are short-term in duration, we believe that our exposure to interest rate
risk is not significant and a 1% movement in market interest rates would not have a significant
impact on the total value of our portfolio. We actively monitor changes in interest rates.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, an evaluation of
the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and
15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) was carried out under the
supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, with the participation of
our management. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial
Officer concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures are
effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information
required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act and are
effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file
or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions
regarding required disclosure.
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During the fiscal quarter covered by this report, there has been no change in our internal
control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter that has materially
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial
reporting.
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PART II OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are not a party to any material legal proceedings.
ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider
the following risk factors, as well as other information in this report, before deciding to invest
in shares of our common stock. The occurrence of any of the following risks could harm our
business, financial condition, results of operations and/or growth prospects. In that case, the
trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Need for Additional Capital
We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception. We currently do not, and since
inception never have had, any products available for commercial sale. We expect to incur operating
losses for the foreseeable future and may never achieve or maintain profitability.
Since inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. Our net loss attributable to
common stockholders was $11.7 million and $10.3 million for the three months ended September 30,
2006 and 2007, respectively and $48.1 million and $29.7 million for the nine months ended September
30, 2006 and 2007, respectively. As of September 30, 2007, we had an accumulated deficit of
$113.1 million. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through private placements of
our redeemable convertible preferred stock and through proceeds from our initial public offering.
We have devoted substantially all of our efforts to research and development, including our
preclinical development activities and clinical trials. We have not completed development of any
drugs. We expect to continue to incur significant and increasing operating losses for at least the
next several years and we are unable to predict the extent of any future losses. We anticipate that
our expenses will increase substantially as we:
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continue our ongoing Phase II clinical trials of Amigal for the treatment of Fabry disease and
potentially conduct later-stage clinical trials of Amigal; |
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continue our ongoing Phase II clinical trials of Plicera for the treatment of Gaucher disease
and potentially conduct later-stage clinical trials of Plicera; |
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continue our ongoing Phase I clinical trials of AT2220 for the treatment of Pompe disease and
potentially conduct later-stage clinical trials of AT2220; |
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continue the research and development of additional product candidates; |
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seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials; |
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establish a sales and marketing infrastructure to commercialize products for which we may
obtain regulatory approval; and |
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add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel, including
personnel to support our product development efforts and our obligations as a public company. |
To become and remain profitable, we must succeed in developing and commercializing drugs with
significant market potential. This will require us to be successful in a range of challenging
activities, including the discovery of product candidates, successful completion of preclinical
testing and clinical trials of our product candidates, obtaining regulatory approval for these
product candidates and manufacturing, marketing and selling those products for which we may obtain
regulatory approval. We are only in the preliminary stages of these activities. We may never
succeed in these activities and may never generate revenues that are large enough to achieve
profitability. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase
profitability on a quarterly or annual
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basis. Our failure to become or remain profitable could depress the market price of our common
stock and could impair our ability to raise capital, expand our business, diversify our product
offerings or continue our operations.
We will need substantial funding and may be unable to raise capital when needed, which would force
us to delay, reduce or eliminate our product development programs or commercialization efforts.
We expect our research and development expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing
activities, particularly as we continue our Phase II clinical trials of Amigal, our Phase II
clinical trials of Plicera and our Phase I clinical trials of AT2220, and for any later-stage
clinical trials of our product candidates. In addition, subject to obtaining regulatory approval of
any of our product candidates, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses for
product sales and marketing, securing commercial quantities of product from our manufacturers and
product distribution. We currently have no additional commitments or arrangements for any
additional financing to fund the research and development and commercial launch of our product
candidates.
We believe that the net proceeds from our initial public offering, together with our existing
cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, will be sufficient to enable us to fund our
operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements until at least early 2010. Capital may not
be available when needed on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not
available to us on a timely basis, we may be required to reduce or eliminate research development
programs or commercial efforts.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:
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the progress and results of our clinical trials of Amigal, Plicera and AT2220; |
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the scope, progress, results and costs of preclinical development, laboratory testing and
clinical trials for our other product candidates; |
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the costs, timing and outcome of regulatory review of our product candidates; |
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the number and development requirements of other product candidates that we pursue; |
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the costs of commercialization activities, including product marketing, sales and distribution; |
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the emergence of competing technologies and other adverse market developments; |
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the costs of preparing, filing and prosecuting patent applications and maintaining, enforcing
and defending intellectual property related claims; |
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the extent to which we acquire or invest in businesses, products and technologies; and |
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our ability to establish collaborations and obtain milestone, royalty or other payments from
any such collaborators. |
Any capital that we obtain may not be on terms favorable to us or our stockholders or may require
us to relinquish valuable rights.
Until such time, if ever, as we generate product revenue to finance our operations, we expect
to finance our cash needs through public or private equity offerings and debt financings, corporate
collaboration and licensing arrangements and grants from patient advocacy groups, foundations and
government agencies. If we raise capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders will
experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants
limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt,
making capital expenditures or declaring dividends and may include rights that are senior to the
holders of our common stock. Any debt financing or additional equity that we raise may contain
terms, such as liquidation and other preferences, which are not favorable to us or our
stockholders. If we raise capital through collaboration and licensing arrangements with third
parties, it may be necessary to relinquish valuable rights to our
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technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or to grant
licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us or our stockholders.
Our short operating history may make it difficult to evaluate the success of our business to date
and to assess our future viability.
We are a development stage company. We commenced operations in February 2002. Our operations
to date have been limited to organizing and staffing our company, acquiring and developing our
technology and undertaking preclinical studies and limited clinical trials of our most advanced
product candidates. We have not yet demonstrated our ability to successfully complete large-scale,
clinical trials, obtain regulatory approvals, manufacture a commercial-scale product or arrange for
a third party to do so on our behalf, or conduct sales and marketing activities necessary for
successful product commercialization. Consequently, any predictions about our future success or
viability may not be as accurate as they could be if we had a longer operating history.
In addition, as a new business, we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties,
complications, delays and other known and unknown factors. If we are successful in obtaining
marketing approval for any of our lead product candidates, we will need to transition from a
company with a research focus to a company capable of supporting commercial activities. We may not
be successful in such a transition.
Risks Related to the Development and Commercialization of Our Product Candidates
We depend heavily on the success of our most advanced product candidates, Amigal, Plicera and
AT2220. All of our product candidates are still in either preclinical or clinical development.
Clinical trials of our product candidates may not be successful. If we are unable to commercialize
Amigal, Plicera or AT2220, or experience significant delays in doing so, our business will be
materially harmed.
We have invested a significant portion of our efforts and financial resources in the
development of our most advanced product candidates, Amigal, Plicera and AT2220. Our ability to
generate product revenue, which we do not expect will occur for at least the next several years, if
ever, will depend heavily on the successful development and commercialization of these product
candidates. The successful commercialization of our product candidates will depend on several
factors, including the following:
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obtaining supplies of Amigal, Plicera and AT2220 for completion of our clinical trials on a timely basis; |
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successful completion of preclinical studies and clinical trials; |
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obtaining marketing approvals from the United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and similar
regulatory authorities outside the United States; |
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establishing commercial-scale manufacturing arrangements with third party manufacturers whose
manufacturing facilities are operated in compliance with current good manufacturing practice, or cGMP,
regulations; |
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launching commercial sales of the product, whether alone or in collaboration with others; |
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acceptance of the product by patients, the medical community and third party payors; |
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competition from other companies and their therapies; |
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successful protection of our intellectual property rights from competing products in the United States
and abroad; and |
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a continued acceptable safety and efficacy profile of our product candidates following approval. |
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If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, then
our revenues may be adversely affected and our business may suffer.
Each of the diseases that our product candidates are being developed to address is relatively
rare. Our projections of both the number of people who have these diseases, as well as the subset
of people with these diseases who have the potential to benefit from treatment with our product
candidates, are based on estimates.
Currently, most reported estimates of the prevalence of these diseases are based on studies of
small subsets of the population of specific geographic areas, which are then extrapolated to
estimate the prevalence of the diseases in the broader world population. In addition, as new
studies are performed the estimated prevalence of these diseases may change. In fact, as a result
of some recent studies, we believe that previously reported studies do not accurately account for
the prevalence of Fabry disease and that the prevalence of Fabry disease could be many times higher
than previously reported. There can be no assurance that the prevalence of Fabry disease, Gaucher
disease or Pompe disease in the study populations, particularly in these newer studies, accurately
reflects the prevalence of these diseases in the broader world population.
We estimate the number of potential patients in the broader world population who have those
diseases and may respond to treatment with our product candidates by further extrapolating
estimates of the prevalence of specific types of genetic mutations giving rise to these diseases.
For example, we base our estimate of the percentage of Fabry patients who may respond to treatment
with Amigal on the frequency of missense and other similar mutations that cause Fabry disease
reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database. As a result of recent studies that estimate that the
prevalence of Fabry disease could be many times higher than previously reported, we believe that
the number of patients diagnosed with Fabry disease will increase and estimate that the number of
Fabry patients who may benefit from the use of Amigal is significantly higher than some previously
reported estimates of Fabry disease generally. If our estimates of the prevalence of Fabry disease,
Gaucher disease or Pompe disease or of the number of patients who may benefit from treatment with
our product candidates prove to be incorrect, the market opportunities for our product candidates
may be smaller than we believe they are, our prospects for generating revenue may be adversely
affected and our business may suffer.
Initial results from a clinical trial do not ensure that the trial will be successful and success
in early stage clinical trials does not ensure success in later-stage clinical trials.
We will only obtain regulatory approval to commercialize a product candidate if we can
demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or the applicable non-United States regulatory
authority, in well-designed and conducted clinical trials, that the product candidate is safe and
effective and otherwise meets the appropriate standards required for approval for a particular
indication. Clinical trials are lengthy, complex and extremely expensive processes with uncertain
results. A failure of one or more of our clinical trials may occur at any stage of testing. We have
limited experience in conducting and managing the clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory
approvals, including approval by the FDA.
Our efforts to develop all of our product candidates are at an early stage. Success in
preclinical testing and early clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will be
successful, and initial results from a clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results. For
example, results to date in our Phase II clinical trials of Amigal for the treatment of Fabry
disease caused by missense mutations are based on enzyme level data from only eleven patients and
kidney biopsy data from only three patients. Additional data from these eleven patients and data
from additional patients in these trials may be less favorable than the results to date. No
definitive conclusions as to the safety or efficacy of any drug candidate can be drawn from such a
small number of patients. We cannot be assured that these trials will ultimately be successful.
Patients may not be compliant with their dosing regimen or trial protocols or they may
withdraw from the study at any time for any reason. We note that a patient who started dosing in
March 2006 in the ongoing Phase II clinical trials for Amigal for the treatment of Fabry disease
elected to withdraw from the study in March 2006, shortly after initial dosing. This patient had a
history of hypertension and discontinued study treatment due to increased blood pressure, which was
reported by the investigator as possibly related to the study drug.
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Even if our early stage clinical trials are successful, we will need to conduct additional
clinical trials with larger numbers of patients receiving the drug for longer periods for all of
our product candidates before we are able to seek approvals to market and sell these product
candidates from the FDA and regulatory authorities outside the United States. In addition, each of
our product candidates is based on our pharmacological chaperone technology. To date, we are not
aware that any product based on chaperone technology has been approved by the FDA. As a result, we
cannot be sure what endpoints the FDA will require us to measure in later-stage clinical trials of
our product candidates. We are aware that the currently available enzyme replacement therapy for
the treatment of Fabry disease was approved by the FDA based on an endpoint measuring GL-3 levels
in a specific type of kidney cell. We cannot be certain that the FDA will permit the use of this
endpoint in our Phase III trials of Amigal. If the FDA requires different endpoints than the
endpoints we anticipate using, it may be more difficult for us to obtain, or we may be delayed in
obtaining, FDA approval of our product candidates. If we are not successful in commercializing any
of our lead product candidates, or are significantly delayed in doing so, our business will be
materially harmed.
We have limited experience in conducting and managing the preclinical development activities and
clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approvals, including approval by the FDA.
We have limited experience in conducting and managing the preclinical development activities
and clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approvals, including approval by the FDA. To
date, we have only three lead product candidates: Amigal, Plicera and AT2220. We have not obtained
regulatory approval nor commercialized any of these or any other product candidates. We are
currently conducting Phase II clinical trials for Amigal and Plicera and a Phase I clinical trial
for AT2220 but have not yet initiated a Phase III clinical trial, or even completed a Phase II
clinical trial, for any of our product candidates. Our limited experience might prevent us from
successfully designing or implementing a clinical trial. We have limited experience in conducting
and managing the application process necessary to obtain regulatory approvals and we might not be
able to demonstrate that our product candidates meet the appropriate standards for regulatory
approval. If we are not successful in conducting and managing our preclinical development
activities or clinical trials or obtaining regulatory approvals, we might not be able to
commercialize our lead product candidates, or might be significantly delayed in doing so, which
will materially harm our business.
We may find it difficult to enroll patients in our clinical trials.
Each of the diseases that our lead product candidates are intended to treat is relatively rare
and we expect only a subset of the patients with these diseases to be eligible for our clinical
trials. Given that each of our product candidates is in the early stages of required testing, we
may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for each or all of our product candidates
if we are unable to locate a sufficient number of eligible patients to participate in the clinical
trials required by the FDA or other non-United States regulatory agencies. The requirements of our
clinical testing mandate that a patient cannot be involved in another clinical trial for the same
indication. We are aware that our competitors have ongoing clinical trials for products that are
competitive with our product candidates and patients who would otherwise be eligible for our
clinical trials may be involved in such testing, rendering them unavailable for testing of our
product candidates. Additionally, many patients with Fabry disease, Gaucher disease and Pompe
disease may already be receiving existing therapies, such as enzyme replacement therapy, which
would render them ineligible for our current clinical trials if they are not willing to stop
receiving such therapies. Further, if we are required to include patients in our clinical trials
who have never received enzyme replacement therapy, we may experience yet further difficulty and
delay enrolling patients in our trials. Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for
any of our current or future clinical trials would result in significant delays or may require us
to abandon one or more clinical trials altogether.
If our preclinical studies do not produce positive results, if our clinical trials are delayed or
if serious side effects are identified during drug development, we may experience delays, incur
additional costs and ultimately be unable to commercialize our product candidates.
Before obtaining regulatory approval for the sale of our product candidates, we must conduct,
at our own expense, extensive preclinical tests to demonstrate the safety of our product candidates
in animals, and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidates in
humans. Preclinical and clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement and can
take many years to complete. A failure of one or more of our
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preclinical studies or clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. We may experience
numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, preclinical testing and the clinical trial
process that could delay or prevent our ability to obtain regulatory approval or commercialize our
product candidates, including:
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our preclinical tests or clinical trials may produce negative or
inconclusive results, and we may decide, or regulators may require us,
to conduct additional preclinical testing or clinical trials or we may
abandon projects that we expect to be promising; |
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regulators or institutional review boards may not authorize us to
commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective
trial site; |
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conditions imposed on us by the FDA or any non-United States
regulatory authority regarding the scope or design of our clinical
trials or may require us to resubmit our clinical trial protocols to
institutional review boards for re-inspection due to changes in the
regulatory environment; |
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the number of patients required for our clinical trials may be larger
than we anticipate or participants may drop out of our clinical trials
at a higher rate than we anticipate; |
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our third party contractors or clinical investigators may fail to
comply with regulatory requirements or fail to meet their contractual
obligations to us in a timely manner; |
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we might have to suspend or terminate one or more of our clinical
trials if we, the regulators or the institutional review boards
determine that the participants are being exposed to unacceptable
health risks; |
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regulators or institutional review boards may require that we hold,
suspend or terminate clinical research for various reasons, including
noncompliance with regulatory requirements; |
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the cost of our clinical trials may be greater than we anticipate; |
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the supply or quality of our product candidates or other materials
necessary to conduct our clinical trials may be insufficient or
inadequate or we may not be able to reach agreements on acceptable
terms with prospective clinical research organizations; and |
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the effects of our product candidates may not be the desired effects
or may include undesirable side effects or the product candidates may
have other unexpected characteristics. |
If we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testing of our product
candidates beyond those that we currently contemplate, if we are unable to successfully complete
our clinical trials or other testing, if the results of these trials or tests are not positive or
are only modestly positive or if there are safety concerns, we may:
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be delayed in obtaining, or may not be able to obtain, marketing approval
for one or more of our product candidates; |
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obtain approval for indications that are not as broad as intended or
entirely different than those indications for which we sought approval; or |
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have the product removed from the market after obtaining marketing approval. |
Our product development costs will also increase if we experience delays in testing or approvals.
We do not know whether any preclinical tests or clinical trials will be initiated as planned, will
need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, if at all. Significant preclinical or
clinical trial delays also could shorten the patent protection period during which we may have the
exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates. Such delays could allow our competitors to
bring products to market before we do and impair our ability to commercialize our products or
product candidates.
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The commercial success of any product candidates that we may develop, including Amigal, Plicera and
AT2220, will depend upon the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, third party
payors and others in the medical community.
Any products that we bring to the market, including Amigal, Plicera and AT2220, if they
receive marketing approval, may not gain market acceptance by physicians, patients, third party
payors and others in the medical community. If these products do not achieve an adequate level of
acceptance, we may not generate significant product revenue and we may not become profitable. The
degree of market acceptance of our product candidates, if approved for commercial sale, will depend
on a number of factors, including:
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the prevalence and severity of any side effects, including any limitations
or warnings contained in a products approved labeling; |
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the efficacy and potential advantages over alternative treatments; |
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the pricing of our product candidates; |
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relative convenience and ease of administration; |
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the willingness of the target patient population to try new therapies and
of physicians to prescribe these therapies; |
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the strength of marketing and distribution support and timing of market
introduction of competitive products; |
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publicity concerning our products or competing products and treatments; and |
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sufficient third party insurance coverage or reimbursement. |
Even if a potential product displays a favorable efficacy and safety profile in preclinical
and clinical trials, market acceptance of the product will not be known until after it is launched.
Our efforts to educate the medical community and third party payors on the benefits of our product
candidates may require significant resources and may never be successful. Such efforts to educate
the marketplace may require more resources than are required by the conventional technologies
marketed by our competitors.
If we are unable to obtain adequate reimbursement from governments or third party payors for any
products that we may develop or if we are unable to obtain acceptable prices for those products,
our prospects for generating revenue and achieving profitability will suffer.
Our prospects for generating revenue and achieving profitability will depend heavily upon the
availability of adequate reimbursement for the use of our approved product candidates from
governmental and other third party payors, both in the United States and in other markets.
Reimbursement by a third party payor may depend upon a number of factors, including the third party
payors determination that use of a product is:
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a covered benefit under its health plan; |
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safe, effective and medically necessary; |
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appropriate for the specific patient; |
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cost-effective; and |
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neither experimental nor investigational. |
Obtaining reimbursement approval for a product from each government or other third party payor
is a time consuming and costly process that could require us to provide supporting scientific,
clinical and cost effectiveness
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data for the use of our products to each payor. We may not be able to provide data sufficient
to gain acceptance with respect to reimbursement or we might need to conduct post-marketing studies
in order to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of any future products to such payors satisfaction.
Such studies might require us to commit a significant amount of management time and financial and
other resources. Even when a payor determines that a product is eligible for reimbursement, the
payor may impose coverage limitations that preclude payment for some uses that are approved by the
FDA or non-United States regulatory authorities. In addition, there is a risk that full
reimbursement may not be available for high priced products. Moreover, eligibility for coverage
does not imply that any product will be reimbursed in all cases or at a rate that allows us to make
a profit or even cover our costs. Interim payments for new products, if applicable, may also not be
sufficient to cover our costs and may not be made permanent. A primary trend in the United States
healthcare industry and elsewhere is toward cost containment. We expect recent changes in the
Medicare program and increasing emphasis on managed care to continue to put pressure on
pharmaceutical product pricing. For example, the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and
Modernization Act of 2003 provides a new Medicare prescription drug benefit that began in 2006 and
mandates other reforms. While we cannot predict the full outcome of the implementation of this
legislation, it is possible that the new Medicare prescription drug benefit, which will be managed
by private health insurers and other managed care organizations, will result in additional
government reimbursement for prescription drugs, which may make some prescription drugs more
affordable but may further exacerbate industry wide pressure to reduce prescription drug prices. If
one or more of our product candidates reaches commercialization, such changes may have a
significant impact on our ability to set a price we believe is fair for our products and may affect
our ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability.
Governments outside the United States tend to impose strict price controls and reimbursement
approval policies, which may adversely affect our prospects for generating revenue.
In some countries, particularly European Union countries, the pricing of prescription
pharmaceuticals is subject to governmental control. In these countries, pricing negotiations with
governmental authorities can take considerable time (6 to 12 months or longer) after the receipt of
marketing approval for a product. To obtain reimbursement or pricing approval in some countries, we
may be required to conduct a clinical trial that compares the cost effectiveness of our product
candidate to other available therapies. If reimbursement of our products is unavailable or limited
in scope or amount, or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels, our prospects for generating
revenue, if any, could be adversely affected and our business may suffer.
If we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities or enter into agreements with third
parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may be unable to generate product revenue.
At present, we have no sales or marketing personnel. In order to commercialize any of our
product candidates, we must either acquire or internally develop sales, marketing and distribution
capabilities, or enter into collaborations with partners to perform these services for us. We may
not be able to establish sales and distribution partnerships on acceptable terms or at all, and if
we do enter into a distribution arrangement, our success will be dependent upon the performance of
our partner.
In the event that we attempt to acquire or develop our own in-house sales, marketing and
distribution capabilities, factors that may inhibit our efforts to commercialize our products
without strategic partners or licensees include:
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our inability to recruit and retain adequate numbers of effective sales and marketing personnel; |
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the inability of sales personnel to obtain access to or persuade adequate numbers of physicians
to prescribe our products; |
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the lack of complementary products to be offered by our sales personnel, which may put us at a
competitive disadvantage against companies with broader product lines; |
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unforeseen costs associated with creating our own sales and marketing team or with entering
into a partnering agreement with an independent sales and marketing organization; and |
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efforts by our competitors to commercialize products at or about the time when our product
candidates would be coming to market. |
We may co-promote our product candidates in various markets with pharmaceutical and
biotechnology companies in instances where we believe that a larger sales and marketing presence
will expand the market or accelerate penetration. If we do enter into arrangements with third parties to perform sales and
marketing services, our product revenues will be lower than if we directly sold and marketed our
products and any revenues received under such arrangements will depend on the skills and efforts of
others.
We may not be successful in entering into distribution arrangements and marketing alliances
with third parties. Our failure to enter into these arrangements on favorable terms could delay or
impair our ability to commercialize our product candidates and could increase our costs of
commercialization. Dependence on distribution arrangements and marketing alliances to commercialize
our product candidates will subject us to a number of risks, including:
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we may not be able to control the amount and timing of resources that
our distributors may devote to the commercialization of our product
candidates; |
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our distributors may experience financial difficulties; |
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business combinations or significant changes in a distributors
business strategy may also adversely affect a distributors
willingness or ability to complete its obligations under any
arrangement; and |
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these arrangements are often terminated or allowed to expire, which
could interrupt the marketing and sales of a product and decrease our
revenue. |
If we are unable to establish adequate sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, whether
independently or with third parties, we may not be able to generate product revenue and may not
become profitable.
Product liability lawsuits against us could cause us to incur substantial liabilities and to limit
commercialization of any products that we may develop.
We face an inherent risk of product liability exposure related to the testing of our product
candidates in human clinical trials and will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any
products that we may develop and which are approved for sale. We may be exposed to product
liability claims and product recalls, including those which may arise from misuse or malfunction
of, or design flaws in, such products, whether or not such problems directly relate to the products
and services we have provided. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against claims that our
product candidates or products caused injuries, we will incur substantial liabilities. Regardless
of merit or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in:
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decreased demand for any product candidates or products that we may develop; |
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damage to our reputation; |
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regulatory investigations that could require costly recalls or product modifications; |
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withdrawal of clinical trial participants; |
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costs to defend the related litigation; |
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substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients, including awards that
substantially exceed our product liability insurance, which we would then be
required to pay from other sources, if available, and would damage our ability to
obtain liability insurance at reasonable costs, or at all, in the future; |
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loss of revenue; |
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the diversion of managements attention from managing our business; and |
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the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop. |
We have liability insurance policies for our clinical trials in the geographies in which we
are conducting trials. The aggregate annual limit of coverage amount under these policies expressed
in United States dollars is approximately $31.4 million, and these policies are also subject to per
claim deductibles. The amount of insurance that we currently hold may not be adequate to cover all
liabilities that we may incur. Insurance coverage is increasingly expensive. We may not be able to
maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost and we may not be able to obtain insurance
coverage that will be adequate to satisfy any liability that may arise. On occasion, large
judgments have been awarded in class action lawsuits based on drugs that had unanticipated side
effects. A successful product liability claim or a series of claims brought against us could cause
our stock price to fall and, if judgments exceed our insurance coverage, could decrease our
available cash and adversely affect our business.
We face substantial competition which may result in others discovering, developing or
commercializing products before or more successfully than we do.
The development and commercialization of new drugs is highly competitive and competition is
expected to increase. We face competition with respect to our current product candidates and any
products we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future from major pharmaceutical companies,
specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide. For example, several
large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies currently market and sell products for the
treatment of Fabry disease. These products include Genzyme Corporations Fabrazyme and Shire PLCs
Replagal. In addition, Genzyme Corporation and Actelion, Ltd. market and sell Cerezyme and Zavesca,
respectively, for the treatment of Gaucher disease, and Genzyme Corporation markets and sells
Myozyme for the treatment of Pompe disease. We are also aware of other enzyme replacement and
substrate reduction therapies in development by third parties.
Potential competitors also include academic institutions, government agencies and other public
and private research organizations that conduct research, seek patent protection and establish
collaborative arrangements for research, development, manufacturing and commercialization. Our
competitors may develop products that are more effective, safer, more convenient or less costly
than any that we are developing or that would render our product candidates obsolete or
noncompetitive. Our competitors may also obtain FDA or other regulatory approval for their products
more rapidly than we may obtain approval for ours. We may also face competition from off-label use
of other approved therapies. There can be no assurance that developments by others that will not
render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive either during the research phase or once
the products reach commercialization.
We believe that many competitors, including academic institutions, government agencies, public
and private research organizations, large pharmaceutical companies and smaller more focused
companies, are attempting to develop therapies for many of our target indications.
Many of our competitors have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in
research and development, manufacturing, preclinical testing, conducting clinical trials, obtaining
regulatory approvals, prosecuting intellectual property rights and marketing approved products than
we do. Smaller and other early stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors,
particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies. These third
parties compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel,
establishing clinical trial sites and patient registration for clinical trials, as well as in
acquiring technologies complementary to or necessary for our programs or advantageous to our
business. In addition, if we obtain regulatory approvals for our products, manufacturing efficiency
and marketing capabilities are likely to be significant competitive factors. We currently have no
commercial manufacturing capability, sales force or marketing infrastructure. Further, many of our
competitors have substantial resources and expertise in conducting collaborative arrangements,
sourcing in-licensing arrangements and acquiring new business lines or businesses that are greater
than our own.
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Our business activities involve the use of hazardous materials, which require compliance with
environmental and occupational safety laws regulating the use of such materials. If we violate
these laws, we could be subject to significant fines, liabilities or other adverse consequences.
Our research and development programs involve the controlled use of hazardous materials,
including microbial agents, corrosive, explosive and flammable chemicals and other hazardous
compounds in addition to certain biological hazardous waste. Ultimately, the activities of our
third party product manufacturers when a product candidate reaches commercialization will also
require the use of hazardous materials. Accordingly, we are subject to federal, state and local
laws governing the use, handling and disposal of these materials. Although we believe that our
safety procedures for handling and disposing of these materials comply in all material respects
with the standards prescribed by local, state and federal regulations, we cannot completely
eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials. In addition, our
collaborators may not comply with these laws. In the event of an accident or failure to comply with
environmental laws, we could be held liable for damages that result, and any such liability could
exceed our assets and resources or we could be subject to limitations or stoppages related to our
use of these materials which may lead to an interruption of our business operations or those of our
third party contractors. While we believe that our existing insurance coverage is generally
adequate for our normal handling of these hazardous materials, it may not be sufficient to cover
pollution conditions or other extraordinary or unanticipated events. Furthermore, an accident could
damage or force us to shut down our operations. Changes in environmental laws may impose costly
compliance requirements on us or otherwise subject us to future liabilities and additional laws
relating to the management, handling, generation, manufacture, transportation, storage, use and
disposal of materials used in or generated by the manufacture of our products or related to our
clinical trials. In addition, we cannot predict the effect that these potential requirements may
have on us, our suppliers and contractors or our customers.
Risks Related to Our Dependence on Third Parties
Use of third parties to manufacture our product candidates may increase the risk that we will not
have sufficient quantities of our product candidates or such quantities at an acceptable cost, and
clinical development and commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed, prevented or
impaired.
We do not own or operate manufacturing facilities for clinical or commercial production of our
product candidates. We have limited personnel with experience in drug manufacturing and we lack the
resources and the capabilities to manufacture any of our product candidates on a clinical or
commercial scale. We currently outsource all manufacturing and packaging of our preclinical and
clinical product candidates and products to third parties. The manufacture of pharmaceutical
products requires significant expertise and capital investment, including the development of
advanced manufacturing techniques and process controls. Manufacturers of pharmaceutical products
often encounter difficulties in production, particularly in scaling up initial production. These
problems include difficulties with production costs and yields and quality control, including
stability of the product candidate.
We do not currently have any agreements with third party manufacturers for the long-term
commercial supply of any of our product candidates. We may be unable to enter into agreements for
commercial supply with third party manufacturers, or may be unable to do so on acceptable terms.
Even if we enter into these agreements, the manufacturers of each product candidate will be single
source suppliers to us for a significant period of time.
Reliance on third party manufacturers entails risks, to which we would not be subject if we
manufactured product candidates or products ourselves, including:
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reliance on the third party for regulatory compliance and quality assurance; |
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limitations on supply availability resulting from capacity and scheduling constraints of the third parties; |
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impact on our reputation in the marketplace if manufacturers of our products, once commercialized, fail to
meet the demands of our customers; |
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the possible breach of the manufacturing agreement by the third party because of factors beyond our
control; |
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and |
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the possible termination or non-renewal of the agreement by the third party, based on its own business
priorities, at a time that is costly or inconvenient for us. |
The failure of any of our contract manufacturers to maintain high manufacturing standards
could result in injury or death of clinical trial participants or patients using products. Such
failure could also result in product liability claims, product recalls, product seizures or
withdrawals, delays or failures in testing or delivery, cost overruns or other problems that could
seriously harm our business or profitability.
Our contract manufacturers will be required to adhere to FDA regulations setting forth current
good manufacturing processes, or cGMP. These regulations cover all aspects of the manufacturing,
testing, quality control and recordkeeping relating to our product candidates and any products that
we may commercialize. Our manufacturers may not be able to comply with cGMP regulations or similar
regulatory requirements outside the United States. Our manufacturers are subject to unannounced
inspections by the FDA, state regulators and similar regulators outside the United States. Our
failure, or the failure of our third party manufacturers, to comply with applicable regulations
could result in sanctions being imposed on us, including fines, injunctions, civil penalties,
failure of regulatory authorities to grant marketing approval of our product candidates, delays,
suspension or withdrawal of approvals, license revocation, seizures or recalls of product
candidates or products, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions, any of which could
significantly and adversely affect regulatory approval and supplies of our product candidates.
Our product candidates and any products that we may develop may compete with other product
candidates and products for access to manufacturing facilities. There are a limited number of
manufacturers that operate under cGMP regulations and that are both capable of manufacturing for us
and willing to do so. If the third parties that we engage to manufacture products for our
preclinical tests and clinical trials should cease to continue to do so for any reason, we likely
would experience delays in advancing these trials while we identify and qualify replacement
suppliers and we may be unable to obtain replacement supplies on terms that are favorable to us.
Later relocation to another manufacturer will also require notification, review and other
regulatory approvals from the FDA and other regulators and will subject our production to further
cost and instability in the availability of our product candidates. In addition, if we are not able
to obtain adequate supplies of our product candidates or the drug substances used to manufacture
them, it will be more difficult for us to develop our product candidates and compete effectively.
Our current and anticipated future dependence upon others for the manufacture of our product
candidates may adversely affect our future profit margins and our ability to develop product
candidates and commercialize any products that obtain regulatory approval on a timely and
competitive basis.
Materials necessary to manufacture our product candidates may not be available on commercially
reasonable terms, or at all, which may delay the development and commercialization of our product
candidates.
We rely on the manufacturers of our product candidates to purchase from third party suppliers
the materials necessary to produce the compounds for our preclinical and clinical studies and will
rely on these other manufacturers for commercial distribution if we obtain marketing approval for
any of our product candidates. Suppliers may not sell these materials to our manufacturers at the
time we need them or on commercially reasonable terms and all such prices are susceptible to
fluctuations in price and availability due to transportation costs, government regulations, price
controls and changes in economic climate or other foreseen circumstances. We do not have any
control over the process or timing of the acquisition of these materials by our manufacturers.
Moreover, we currently do not have any agreements for the commercial production of these materials.
If our manufacturers are unable to obtain these materials for our preclinical and clinical studies,
product testing and potential regulatory approval of our product candidates would be delayed,
significantly impacting our ability to develop our product candidates. If our manufacturers or we
are unable to purchase these materials after regulatory approval has been obtained for our product
candidates, the commercial launch of our product candidates would be delayed or there would be a
shortage in supply, which would materially affect our ability to generate revenues from the sale of
our product candidates.
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We rely on third parties to conduct certain preclinical development activities and our clinical
trials and those third parties may not perform satisfactorily, including failing to meet
established deadlines for the completion of such activities and trials.
We do not independently conduct certain preclinical development activities of our product
candidates, such as long-term safety studies in animals, or clinical trials for our product
candidates. We rely on, or work in conjunction with, third parties, such as contract research
organizations, medical institutions and clinical investigators, to perform this function. Our
reliance on these third parties for preclinical and clinical development activities reduces our
control over these activities. We are responsible for ensuring that each of our preclinical
development activities and our clinical trials is conducted in accordance with the applicable
general investigational plan and protocols, however, we have no direct control over these
researchers or contractors (except by contract), as they are not our employees. Moreover, the FDA
requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as Good Clinical Practices, or GCP, for
conducting, recording and reporting the results of our preclinical development activities and our
clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the
rights, safety and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third
parties that we do not control does not relieve us of these responsibilities and requirements.
Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may
be our competitors. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties,
meet expected deadlines or conduct our preclinical development activities or our clinical trials in
accordance with regulatory requirements or our stated protocols, we will not be able to obtain, or
may be delayed in obtaining, regulatory approvals for our product candidates and will not be able
to, or may be delayed in our efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidates.
Moreover, these third parties may be bought by other entities or they may go out of business,
thereby preventing them from meeting their contractual obligations.
We also rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our preclinical
development activities and our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of our existing
or future distributors could delay clinical development or regulatory approval of our product
candidates or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses and depriving us of
potential product revenue.
Extensions, delays, suspensions or terminations of our preclinical development activities and
our clinical trials as a result of the performance of our independent clinical investigators and
contract research organizations will delay, and make more costly, regulatory approval for any
product candidates that we may develop. Any change in a contract research organization during an
ongoing preclinical development activity or clinical trial could seriously delay that trial and
potentially compromise the results of the activity or trial.
We may not be successful in maintaining or establishing collaborations, which could adversely
affect our ability to develop and, particularly in international markets, commercialize products.
For each of our product candidates, we are collaborating with physicians, patient advocacy
groups, foundations and government agencies in order to assist with the development of our
products. We plan to pursue similar activities in future programs and plan to evaluate the merits
of retaining commercialization rights for ourselves or entering into selective collaboration
arrangements with leading pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. We also may seek to establish
collaborations for the sales, marketing and distribution of our products outside the United States.
If we elect to seek collaborators in the future but are unable to reach agreements with suitable
collaborators, we may fail to meet our business objectives for the affected product or program. We
face, and will continue to face, significant competition in seeking appropriate collaborators.
Moreover, collaboration arrangements are complex and time consuming to negotiate, document and
implement. We may not be successful in our efforts, if any, to establish and implement
collaborations or other alternative arrangements. The terms of any collaborations or other
arrangements that we establish, if any, may not be favorable to us.
Any collaboration that we enter into may not be successful. The success of our collaboration
arrangements, if any, will depend heavily on the efforts and activities of our collaborators. It is
likely that any collaborators of ours will have significant discretion in determining the efforts
and resources that they will apply to these collaborations. The risks that we may be subject to in
possible future collaborations include the following:
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our collaboration agreements are likely to be for fixed terms and
subject to termination by our collaborators |
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in the event of a material
breach or lack of scientific progress by us; |
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our collaborators are likely to have the first right to maintain or
defend our intellectual property rights and, although we would likely
have the right to assume the maintenance and defense of our
intellectual property rights if our collaborators do not, our ability
to do so may be compromised by our collaborators acts or omissions;
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our collaborators may utilize our intellectual property rights in such
a way as to invite litigation that could jeopardize or invalidate our
intellectual property rights or expose us to potential liability. |
Collaborations with pharmaceutical companies and other third parties often are terminated or
allowed to expire by the other party. Such terminations or expirations may adversely affect us
financially and could harm our business reputation in the event we elect to pursue collaborations
that ultimately expire or are terminated.
Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
If we are unable to obtain and maintain protection for the intellectual property relating to our
technology and products, the value of our technology and products will be adversely affected.
Our success will depend in large part on our ability to obtain and maintain protection in the
United States and other countries for the intellectual property covering or incorporated into our
technology and products. The patent situation in the field of biotechnology and pharmaceuticals
generally is highly uncertain and involves complex legal, technical, scientific and factual
questions. We may not be able to obtain additional issued patents relating to our technology or
products. Even if issued, patents issued to us or our licensors may be challenged, narrowed,
invalidated, held to be unenforceable or circumvented, which could limit our ability to stop
competitors from marketing similar products or reduce the term of patent protection we may have for
our products. Changes in either patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United
States and other countries may diminish the value of our intellectual property or narrow the scope
of our patent protection.
The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain, and we cannot ensure
that:
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we or our licensors were the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending patent
applications; |
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we or our licensors were the first to file patent applications for these inventions; |
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others will not independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our
technologies; |
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any patents issued to us or our licensors will provide a basis for commercially viable products,
will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by third parties; |
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we will develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; |
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we will file patent applications for new proprietary technologies promptly or at all; |
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our patents will not expire prior to or shortly after commencing commercialization of a product; or |
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the patents of others will not have a negative effect on our ability to do business. |
In addition, we cannot be assured that any of our pending patent applications will result in
issued patents. In particular, we have filed patent applications in the European Patent Office and
other countries outside the United States that have not been issued as patents. These pending
applications include, among others, the patent applications we license pursuant to a license
agreement with Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University. If patents are not issued in
respect of our pending patent applications, we may not be able to stop competitors from marketing
similar products in Europe and other countries in which we do not have issued patents.
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The patents and patent applications that we own or have licensed relating to use of Amigal
expire in 2018 in the United States and 2019 outside of the United States, and the foreign
counterparts, if issued, would expire in 2019. Patents that we own or have licensed relating to
Plicera expire between 2015 and 2016 in the United States and in 2015 outside of the United States
for composition of matter, and in 2018 in the United States for methods of use. We currently have
no issued patents or pending applications covering methods of using Plicera outside of the United
States. Patents and patent applications that we own or have licensed relating to the use of AT2220
expire in 2018 in the United States. Further, we currently do not have composition of matter or
method of use protection for AT2220 outside of the United States. Where we lack patent protection
outside of the United States, we intend to seek orphan medicinal product designation and to rely on
statutory data exclusivity provisions in jurisdictions outside the United States where such
protections are available, including Europe. If we are unable to obtain such protection outside the
United States, our competitors may be free to use and sell Plicera and/or AT2220 outside of the
United States and there will be no liability for infringement or any other barrier to competition.
The patent rights that we own or have licensed relating to our product candidates are limited in
ways that may affect our ability to exclude third parties from competing against us if we obtain
regulatory approval to market these product candidates. In particular:
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We do not hold composition of matter patents covering Amigal and
AT2220, two of our three lead product candidates. Composition of
matter patents can provide protection for pharmaceutical products to
the extent that the specifically covered compositions are important.
For our product candidates for which we do not hold composition of
matter patents, competitors who obtain the requisite regulatory
approval can offer products with the same composition as our products
so long as the competitors do not infringe any method of use patents
that we may hold. |
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For some of our product candidates, the principal patent protection
that covers or those we expect will cover, our product candidate is a
method of use patent. This type of patent only protects the product
when used or sold for the specified method. However, this type of
patent does not limit a competitor from making and marketing a product
that is identical to our product that is labeled for an indication
that is outside of the patented method, or for which there is a
substantial use in commerce outside the patented method. |
Moreover, physicians may prescribe such a competitive identical product for indications other
than the one for which the product has been approved, or off-label indications, that are covered by
the applicable patents. Although such off-label prescriptions may infringe or induce infringement
of method of use patents, the practice is common and such infringement is difficult to prevent or
prosecute.
Our patents also may not afford us protection against competitors with similar technology.
Because patent applications in the United States and many other jurisdictions are typically not
published until 18 months after filing, or in some cases not at all, and because publications of
discoveries in the scientific literature often lag behind the actual discoveries, neither we nor
our licensors can be certain that we or they were the first to make the inventions claimed in our
or their issued patents or pending patent applications, or that we or they were the first to file
for protection of the inventions set forth in these patent applications. If a third party has also
filed a United States patent application covering our product candidates or a similar invention, we
may have to participate in an adversarial proceeding, known as an interference, declared by the
United States Patent and Trademark Office to determine priority of invention in the United States.
The costs of these proceedings could be substantial and it is possible that our efforts could be
unsuccessful, resulting in a loss of our United States patent position.
If we fail to comply with our obligations in our intellectual property licenses with third parties,
we could lose license rights that are important to our business.
We are a party to a number of license agreements including agreements with the Mount Sinai
School of Medicine of New York University, the University of Maryland, Baltimore County and Novo
Nordisk A/S, pursuant to which we license key intellectual property relating to our lead product
candidates. We expect to enter into additional licenses in the future. Under our existing licenses,
we have the right to enforce the licensed patent rights. Our existing licenses impose, and we
expect that future licenses will impose, various diligence, milestone payment, royalty, insurance
and other obligations on us. If we fail to comply with these obligations, the licensor may have the
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right to terminate the license, in which event we might not be able to market any product that
is covered by the licensed patents.
If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our proprietary information and know-how, the
value of our technology and products could be adversely affected.
We seek to protect our know-how and confidential information, in part, by confidentiality
agreements with our employees, corporate partners, outside scientific collaborators, sponsored
researchers, consultants and other advisors. We also have confidentiality and invention or patent
assignment agreements with our employees and our consultants. If our employees or consultants
breach these agreements, we may not have adequate remedies for any of these breaches. In addition,
our trade secrets may otherwise become known to or be independently developed by others. Enforcing
a claim that a party illegally obtained and is using our trade secrets is difficult, expensive and
time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the United States may
be less willing to protect trade secrets. Costly and time consuming litigation could be necessary
to seek to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or
maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.
If we infringe or are alleged to infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties, it
will adversely affect our business.
Our research, development and commercialization activities, as well as any product candidates
or products resulting from these activities, may infringe or be accused of infringing one or more
claims of an issued patent or may fall within the scope of one or more claims in a published patent
application that may subsequently issue and to which we do not hold a license or other rights.
Third parties may own or control these patents or patent applications in the United States and
abroad. These third parties could bring claims against us that would cause us to incur substantial
expenses and, if successful against us, could cause us to pay substantial damages. Further, if a
patent infringement suit were brought against us, we or they could be forced to stop or delay
research, development, manufacturing or sales of the product or product candidate that is the
subject of the suit.
No assurance can be given that patents do not exist, have not been filed, or could not be
filed or issued, which contain claims covering our products, technology or methods. Because of the
number of patents issued and patent applications filed in our field, we believe there is a risk
that third parties may allege they have patent rights encompassing our products, technology or
methods.
We are aware, for example, of United States patents, and corresponding international
counterparts, owned by third parties that contain claims related to treating protein misfolding. We
have received written notice from one of these third parties indicating that it believes we may
need a license to certain of these patents in order to avoid infringing such patents. If any of
these third party patents were to be asserted against us we do not believe that our proposed
products would be found to infringe any valid claim of these patents. If we were to challenge the
validity of any issued United States patent in court, we would need to overcome a presumption of
validity that attaches to every patent. This burden is high and would require us to present clear
and convincing evidence as to the invalidity of the patents claims. There is no assurance that a
court would find in our favor on infringement or validity.
In order to avoid or settle potential claims with respect to any of the patent rights
described above or any other patent rights of third parties, we may choose or be required to seek a
license from a third party and be required to pay license fees or royalties or both. These licenses
may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Even if we or our future collaborators were
able to obtain a license, the rights may be nonexclusive, which could result in our competitors
gaining access to the same intellectual property. Ultimately, we could be prevented from
commercializing a product, or be forced to cease some aspect of our business operations, if, as a
result of actual or threatened patent infringement claims, we are unable to enter into licenses on
acceptable terms. This could harm our business significantly.
Others may sue us for infringing their patent or other intellectual property rights or file
nullity, opposition or interference proceedings against our patents, even if such claims are
without merit, which would similarly harm our business. For example, by letter dated April 10,
2007, we received a notice from a third party alleging trademark
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infringement in connection with our use of The NASDAQ Global Market ticker symbol FOLD for our
common stock. Furthermore, during the course of litigation, confidential information may be
disclosed in the form of documents or testimony in connection with discovery requests, depositions
or trial testimony. Disclosure of our confidential information and our involvement in intellectual
property litigation could materially adversely affect our business.
There has been substantial litigation and other proceedings regarding patent and other
intellectual property rights in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. In addition to
infringement claims against us, we may become a party to other patent litigation and other
proceedings, including interference proceedings declared by the United States Patent and Trademark
Office and opposition proceedings in the European Patent Office, regarding intellectual property
rights with respect to our products and technology. Even if we prevail, the cost to us of any
patent litigation or other proceeding could be substantial.
Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more
effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. In addition, any
uncertainties resulting from any litigation could significantly limit our ability to continue our
operations. Patent litigation and other proceedings may also absorb significant management time.
Many of our employees were previously employed at universities or other biotechnology or
pharmaceutical companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. We try to ensure that
our employees do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us.
However, we may be subject to claims that we or these employees have inadvertently or otherwise
used or disclosed intellectual property, trade secrets or other proprietary information of any such
employees former employer. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims and, even if
we are successful in defending ourselves, could result in substantial costs to us or be distracting
to our management. If we fail to defend any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we
may jeopardize valuable intellectual property rights, disclose confidential information or lose
personnel.
Risks Related to Regulatory Approval of Our Product Candidates
If we are not able to obtain and maintain required regulatory approvals, we will not be able to
commercialize our product candidates, and our ability to generate revenue will be materially
impaired.
Our product candidates, including Amigal, Plicera and AT2220, and the activities associated
with their development and commercialization, including their testing, manufacture, safety,
efficacy, recordkeeping, labeling, storage, approval, advertising, promotion, sale and
distribution, are subject to comprehensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory agencies in
the United States and by comparable authorities in other countries. Failure to obtain regulatory
approval for a product candidate will prevent us from commercializing the product candidate in the
jurisdiction of the regulatory authority. We have not obtained regulatory approval to market any of
our product candidates in any jurisdiction. We have only limited experience in filing and
prosecuting the applications necessary to obtain regulatory approvals and expect to rely on third
party contract research organizations to assist us in this process.
Securing FDA approval requires the submission of extensive preclinical and clinical data and
supporting information to the FDA for each therapeutic indication to establish the product
candidates safety and efficacy. Securing FDA approval also requires the submission of information
about the product manufacturing process to, and inspection of manufacturing facilities by, the FDA.
Our future products may not be effective, may be only moderately effective or may prove to have
undesirable or unintended side effects, toxicities or other characteristics that may preclude our
obtaining regulatory approval or prevent or limit commercial use.
Our product candidates may fail to obtain regulatory approval for many reasons, including:
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our failure to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or comparable regulatory authorities that a
product candidate is safe and effective for a particular indication; |
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the results of clinical trials may not meet the level of statistical significance required by the FDA or |
-35-
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comparable regulatory authorities for approval; |
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our inability to demonstrate that a product candidates benefits outweigh its risks; |
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our inability to demonstrate that the product candidate is at least as effective as existing therapies; |
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the FDAs or comparable regulatory authorities disagreement with the
manner in which we interpret the data from preclinical studies or
clinical trials; |
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the FDAs or comparable regulatory authorities failure to approve the
manufacturing processes, quality procedures or manufacturing
facilities of third party manufacturers with which we contract for
clinical or commercial supplies; and |
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a change in the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or
comparable regulatory authorities or a change in the laws governing
the approval process. |
The process of obtaining regulatory approvals is expensive, often takes many years, if
approval is obtained at all, and can vary substantially based upon a variety of factors, including
the type, complexity and novelty of the product candidates involved. Changes in regulatory approval
policies during the development period, changes in or the enactment of additional statutes or
regulations, or changes in regulatory review for each submitted product application may cause
delays in the approval or rejection of an application. The FDA and non-United States regulatory
authorities have substantial discretion in the approval process and may refuse to accept any
application or may decide that our data is insufficient for approval and require additional
preclinical, clinical or other studies. In addition, varying interpretations of the data obtained
from preclinical and clinical testing could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval of a
product candidate. Any regulatory approval we ultimately obtain may be limited or subject to
restrictions or post approval commitments that render the approved product not commercially viable.
Any FDA or other regulatory approval of our product candidates, once obtained, may be withdrawn,
including for failure to comply with regulatory requirements or if clinical or manufacturing
problems follow initial marketing.
Our product candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay
or prevent their regulatory approval or commercialization.
Undesirable side effects caused by our product candidates could interrupt, delay or halt
clinical trials and could result in the denial of regulatory approval by the FDA or other
regulatory authorities for any or all targeted indications, and in turn prevent us from
commercializing our product candidates and generating revenues from their sale. For example, in a
clinical trial of Amigal for Fabry disease, one patient with a history of hypertension experienced
increased blood pressure during the course of the trial which was reported by the investigator as
possibly related to the drug. Further, Amigal has been shown to cause reversible infertility
effects in mice.
In addition, if any of our product candidates receive marketing approval and we or others
later identify undesirable side effects caused by the product:
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regulatory authorities may require the addition of restrictive labeling statements; |
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regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the product; and |
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we may be required to change the way the product is administered or conduct additional clinical trials. |
Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the
affected product or could substantially increase the costs and expenses of commercializing the
product candidate, which in turn could delay or prevent us from generating significant revenues
from its sale or adversely affect our reputation.
We may not be able to obtain orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidates. If our competitors
are able to obtain orphan drug exclusivity for their products that are the same drug as our product
candidates, we
-36-
may not be able to have competing products approved by the applicable regulatory authority for a
significant period of time.
Regulatory authorities in some jurisdictions, including the United States and Europe, may
designate drugs for relatively small patient populations as orphan drugs. We obtained orphan drug
designations from the FDA for Amigal for the treatment of Fabry disease on February 25, 2004, for
the active ingredient in Plicera for the treatment of Gaucher disease on January 10, 2006 and for
AT2220 for the treatment of Pompe disease on June 18, 2007. We also obtained orphan drug
designation in the European Union for Amigal on May 22, 2006 and on September 12, 2007, the
European Medicines Agencys Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products recommended orphan designation
for Plicera for the treatment of Gaucher disease. We anticipate filing for orphan drug designation
in the European Union for AT2220 for the treatment of Pompe disease. Generally, if a product with
an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first marketing approval for the indication
for which it has such designation, the product is entitled to a period of marketing exclusivity,
which precludes the applicable regulatory authority from approving another marketing application
for the same drug for that time period. The applicable period is seven years in the United States
and ten years in Europe. For a drug composed of small molecules, the FDA defines same drug as a
drug that contains the same active molecule and is intended for the same use. Obtaining orphan drug
exclusivity for Amigal and Plicera may be important to each of the product candidates success.
Even if we obtain orphan drug exclusivity for Amigal or Plicera for these indications, we may not
be able to maintain it. For example, if a competitive product that is the same drug as our product
candidate is shown to be clinically superior to our product candidate, any orphan drug exclusivity
we have obtained will not block the approval of such competitive product and we may effectively
lose what had previously been orphan drug exclusivity.
Any product for which we obtain marketing approval could be subject to restrictions or withdrawal
from the market and we may be subject to penalties if we fail to comply with regulatory
requirements or if we experience unanticipated problems with our products, when and if any of them
are approved.
Any product for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes,
post approval clinical data, labeling, advertising and promotional activities for such product,
will be subject to continual requirements of and review by the FDA and comparable regulatory
authorities. These requirements include submissions of safety and other post marketing information
and reports, registration requirements, cGMP requirements relating to quality control, quality
assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, requirements regarding the
distribution of samples to physicians and recordkeeping. Even if we obtain regulatory approval of a
product, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may
be marketed or to the conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly post marketing
testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. We also may be subject
to state laws and registration requirements covering the distribution of our products. Later
discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturers or manufacturing
processes, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in actions such as:
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restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes; |
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warning letters; |
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withdrawal of the products from the market; |
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refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit; |
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voluntary or mandatory recall; |
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fines; |
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suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approvals or refusal to approve pending applications or
supplements to approved applications that we submit; |
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refusal to permit the import or export of our products; |
-37-
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product seizure or detentions; |
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injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties; and |
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adverse publicity. |
If we, or our suppliers, third party contractors, clinical investigators or collaborators are
slow to adapt, or are unable to adapt, to changes in existing regulatory requirements or adoption
of new regulatory requirements or policies, we or our collaborators may lose marketing approval for
our products when and if any of them are approved, resulting in decreased revenue from milestones,
product sales or royalties.
Failure to obtain regulatory approval in international jurisdictions would prevent us from
marketing our products abroad.
We intend to have our products marketed outside the United States. In order to market our
products in the European Union and many other jurisdictions, we must obtain separate regulatory
approvals and comply with numerous and varying regulatory requirements. The approval procedures
vary among countries and can involve additional testing and clinical trials. The time required to
obtain approval may differ from that required to obtain FDA approval. The regulatory approval
process outside the United States may include all of the risks associated with obtaining FDA
approval. In addition, in many countries outside the United States, it is required that the product
be approved for reimbursement by government-backed healthcare regulators or insurance providers
before the product can be approved for sale in that country. We may not obtain approvals from
regulatory authorities outside the United States on a timely basis, if at all. Approval by the FDA
does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries or jurisdictions, and
approval by one regulatory authority outside the United States does not ensure approval by
regulatory authorities in other countries or jurisdictions or by the FDA. We may not be able to
file for regulatory approvals and may not receive necessary approvals to commercialize our products
in any market.
Risks Related to Employee Matters and Managing Growth
Our future success depends on our ability to retain our Chief Executive Officer and other key
executives and to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel.
We are highly dependent on John F. Crowley, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Matthew
R. Patterson, our Chief Operating Officer, James E. Dentzer, our Chief Financial Officer, and David
J. Lockhart, Ph.D., our Chief Scientific Officer. These executives each have significant
pharmaceutical industry experience, including Mr. Crowley, with whom we have entered into an
employment agreement that runs for successive one year terms until either we or Mr. Crowley elect
to terminate the agreement. We may terminate Mr. Crowleys employment without cause at any time, or
we may decide not to extend Mr. Crowleys agreement at the end of any term, or he may terminate his
employment for good reason at any time, in each case subject to certain severance payments and
benefits. Mr. Crowley is a commissioned officer in the United States Navy (Reserve). The United
States recently called Mr. Crowley to service, which he fulfilled, from September 11, 2006 to
March 5, 2007, and he may be called to active duty service again at any time. The loss of
Mr. Crowley for protracted military duty could materially adversely affect our business. We are
also parties to employment agreements with each of Messrs. Patterson and Dentzer and Dr. Lockhart.
These employment agreements each provide for an initial term of two years, and will continue
thereafter for successive two-year periods until we provide the executive with written notice of
the end of the agreement in accordance with its terms. We may terminate any of these executives
without cause at any time, or one of these executives may quit for good reason within six months of
the occurrence of certain corporate changes, in each case subject to certain severance payments and
benefits. The loss of the services of any of these executives might impede the achievement of our
research, development and commercialization objectives and materially adversely affect our
business. We do not maintain key person insurance on Mr. Crowley or on any of our other executive
officers.
Recruiting and retaining qualified scientific personnel, clinical personnel and sales and
marketing personnel will also be critical to our success. Our industry has experienced a high rate
of turnover in recent years. We may not
-38-
be able to attract and retain these personnel on acceptable terms given the competition among
numerous pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for similar personnel, particularly in New
Jersey and surrounding areas. Although we believe we offer competitive salaries and benefits, we
may have to increase spending in order to retain personnel.
We also experience competition for the hiring of scientific and clinical personnel from
universities and research institutions. In addition, we rely on consultants and advisors, including
scientific and clinical advisors, to assist us in formulating our research and development and
commercialization strategy. Our consultants and advisors may be employed by employers other than us and may have commitments under consulting or
advisory contracts with other entities that may limit their availability to us.
We expect to expand our development, regulatory and sales and marketing capabilities, and as a
result, we may encounter difficulties in managing our growth, which could disrupt our operations.
We are a development stage company with 83 full-time employees as of September 30, 2007. Of
these employees, 52 work primarily in research and development and 31 provide administrative
services. We expect to experience significant growth in the number of our employees and the scope
of our operations, particularly in the areas of drug development, regulatory affairs and sales and
marketing. Assuming our plans and business conditions progress consistent with our current
projections, we plan to grow to a total of approximately 100 employees by the end of 2007 and to a
total of 100-120 employees by the end of 2008. To manage our anticipated future growth, we must
continue to implement and improve our managerial, operational and financial systems, expand our
facilities and continue to recruit and train additional qualified personnel. Due to our limited
resources, we may not be able to effectively manage the expansion of our operations or recruit and
train additional qualified personnel. The physical expansion of our operations may lead to
significant costs and may divert our management and business development resources. Any inability
on the part of our management to manage growth could delay the execution of our business plans or
disrupt our operations.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
Our executive officers, directors and principal stockholders maintain the ability to control all
matters submitted to our stockholders for approval.
Our executive officers, directors and principal stockholders beneficially own shares
representing 78% of our common stock. As a result, if these stockholders were to choose to act
together, they would be able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, as
well as our management and affairs. For example, these persons, if they choose to act together,
will control the election of directors and approval of any merger, consolidation, sale of all or
substantially all of our assets or other business combination or reorganization. This concentration
of voting power could delay or prevent an acquisition of us on terms that other stockholders may
desire. The interests of this group of stockholders may not always coincide with the interests of
other stockholders, and they may act, whether by meeting or written consent of stockholders, in a
manner that advances their best interests and not necessarily those of other stockholders,
including obtaining a premium value for their common stock, and might affect the prevailing market
price for our common stock.
Provisions in our corporate charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of
us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our
stockholders to replace or remove our current management.
Provisions in our corporate charter and our bylaws that became effective upon our initial
public offering may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control
of us that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which our stockholders
might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. These provisions could also limit the price
that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock, thereby
depressing the market price of our common stock. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or
prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it
more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors. Because our board of
directors is responsible
-39-
for appointing the members of our management team, these provisions could in turn affect any
attempt by our stockholders to replace current members of our management team. Among others, these
provisions:
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establish a classified board of directors, and, as a result, not all directors are elected at one time; |
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allow the authorized number of our directors to be changed only by resolution of our board of directors; |
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limit the manner in which stockholders can remove directors from our board of directors; |
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establish advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals that can be acted on at
stockholder meetings and nominations to our board of directors; |
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require that stockholder actions must be effected at a duly called stockholder meeting
and prohibit actions by our stockholders by written consent; |
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limit who may call stockholder meetings; |
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authorize our board of directors to issue preferred stock, without stockholder
approval, which could be used to institute a poison pill that would work to dilute
the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer, effectively preventing
acquisitions that have not been approved by our board of directors; and |
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require the approval of the holders of at least 67% of the votes that all our
stockholders would be entitled to cast to amend or repeal certain provisions of our
charter or bylaws. |
Moreover, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a person who owns in excess of
15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years
after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding
voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner.
An active trading market for our common stock may not develop.
We completed our initial public offering of equity securities in June 2007, and prior to this
offering, there was no public market for our common stock. Although we have been listed on The
NASDAQ Global Market, an active trading market for our common stock may never develop or be
sustained. If an active market for our common stock does not develop or is not sustained, it may
be difficult for our stockholders to sell shares since our initial public offering without
depressing the market price for our common stock.
If the price of our common stock is volatile, purchasers of our common stock could incur
substantial losses.
The price of our common stock is volatile. The stock market in general and the market for
biotechnology companies in particular have experienced extreme volatility that has often been
unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. The market price for our common
stock may be influenced by many factors, including:
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results of clinical trials of our product candidates or those of our competitors; |
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our entry into or the loss of a significant collaboration; |
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regulatory or legal developments in the United States and other countries, including changes in the
health care payment systems; |
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variations in our financial results or those of companies that are perceived to be similar to us; |
-40-
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changes in the structure of healthcare payment systems; |
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market conditions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors and issuance of new or changed
securities analysts reports or recommendations; |
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general economic, industry and market conditions; |
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results of clinical trials conducted by others on drugs that would compete with our product candidates; |
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developments or disputes concerning patents or other proprietary rights; |
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public concern over our product candidates or any products approved in the future; |
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litigation; |
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future sales or anticipated sales of our common stock by us or our stockholders; and |
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the other factors described in this Risk Factors section. |
For these reasons and others potential purchasers of our common stock should consider an
investment in our common stock as risky and invest only if they can withstand a significant loss
and wide fluctuations in the marked value of their investment.
We have never paid cash dividends on our capital stock and we do not anticipate paying any cash
dividends in the foreseeable future. Potential purchasers of our common stock should not invest in
us if they require dividend income. Any income from an investment in us would only come from a rise
in the market price of our common stock, which is uncertain and unpredictable.
We have paid no cash dividends on our capital stock to date. We currently intend to retain our
future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business and do not foresee
payment of a dividend in any upcoming fiscal period. In addition, the terms of existing or any
future debt agreements may preclude us from paying dividends. As a result, capital appreciation, if
any, of our common stock will be the sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.
A significant portion of our total outstanding shares of common stock is restricted from immediate
resale but may be sold into the market in the near future. This could cause the market price of our
common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur
at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of
shares of common stock intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our common stock.
After our initial public offering, we had outstanding 22,234,426 shares of common stock. Of these
shares, 5,005,333 may be resold in the public market immediately and the remaining
17,229,093 shares are currently restricted under securities laws or as a result of lock-up
agreements. Moreover, after the offering, holders of an aggregate of 16,570,855 shares of our
common stock have rights, subject to some conditions, to require us to file registration statements
covering their shares or to include their shares in registration statements that we may file for
ourselves or other stockholders. We also registered all 1,366,667 shares of common stock under our
equity compensation plans on Form S-8 filed on August 9, 2007. These shares can be freely sold in
the public market upon issuance, subject to the 180 day lock-up periods under the lock-up
agreements.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports or publish unfavorable
research about our business, the price of our common stock and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that
securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If securities or industry
analysts do not continue coverage of us the trading price for our common stock would be negatively
affected. In the event we obtain securities or industry
-41-
analyst coverage, if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our common stock,
the price of our common stock would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases to
cover us or fails to publish regular reports on us, interest in the purchase of our common stock
could decrease, which could cause the price of our common stock or trading volume to decline.
We will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company.
As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting, reporting and other expenses
that we did not incur as a private company, including costs related to compliance with the
regulations of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. We expect these rules and regulations to increase
our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and
costly. We also expect these new rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more
expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be required to
accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or
similar coverage. As a result, we may experience more difficulty attracting and retaining qualified
individuals to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We cannot predict or
estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur as a result of these requirements or the
timing of such costs.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Use of Proceeds
Our initial public offering of common stock was effected through a Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-141700) that was declared effective by the Securities and
Exchange Commission on May 30, 2007, which registered an aggregate of 5,750,000 shares of our
common stock. On June 5, 2007, at the closing of the offering, 5,000,000 shares of common stock
were sold on our behalf at an initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, for aggregate
offering proceeds of $75.0 million. The initial public offering was underwritten and managed by
Morgan Stanley, Merrill Lynch & Co., JPMorgan, Lazard Capital Markets and Pacific Growth Equities,
LLC. Following the sale of the 5,000,000 shares, the public offering terminated.
We paid to the underwriters underwriting discounts totaling approximately
$5.3 million in connection with the offering. In addition, we incurred additional costs of
approximately $1.6 million in connection with the offering, which when added to the underwriting
discounts paid by us, amounts to total expenses of approximately $6.9 million. Thus, the net
offering proceeds to us, after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses, were
approximately $68.1 million. No offering expenses were paid directly or indirectly to any of our
directors or officers (or their associates) or persons owning ten percent or more of any class of
our equity securities or to any other affiliates.
As of October 26, 2007, we had invested the $68.1 million in net proceeds from the offering
in money market funds and in investment-grade, interest bearing instruments, pending their use.
Through October 26, 2007, we have not used the net proceeds from the offering. We intend to use the
proceeds for clinical development of our drug candidates, for research and development activities
relating to additional preclinical programs and to fund working capital and other general corporate
purposes, which may include the acquisition or licensing of complementary technologies, products or
businesses.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
-42-
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
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Exhibit |
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Number |
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Description |
3.1(1)
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Restated Certificate of Incorporation |
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3.2(2)
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Amended and Restated Bylaws |
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31.1*
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Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated pursuant
to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended |
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31.2*
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Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated pursuant
to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended |
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32.1*
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Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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32.2*
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Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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(1) |
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Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (Commission File No. 333-141700). |
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(2) |
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Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to our Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (Commission File No. 333-141700) |
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* |
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These certifications are being furnished solely to accompany this
quarterly report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and are not being
filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of
Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., whether made before or after the date
hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such
filing. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant
has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly
authorized.
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AMICUS THERAPEUTICS, INC. |
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Date: October 31, 2007
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By: /s/ JOHN F. CROWLEY
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John F. Crowley |
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President and Chief Executive Officer |
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(Principal Executive Officer) |
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Date: October 31, 2007
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By: /s/ JAMES E. DENTZER
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James E. Dentzer |
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Chief Financial Officer |
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(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
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Exhibit |
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Number |
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Description |
3.1(1)
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Restated Certificate of Incorporation |
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3.2(2)
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Amended and Restated Bylaws |
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31.1*
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Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated pursuant
to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended |
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31.2*
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Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated pursuant
to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended |
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32.1*
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Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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32.2*
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Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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(1) |
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Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (Commission File No. 333-141700) |
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(2) |
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Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to our Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (Commission File No. 333-141700) |
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* |
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These certifications are being furnished solely to accompany this
quarterly report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and are not being
filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of
Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., whether made before or after the date
hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such
filing. |
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exv31w1
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a), AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, John F. Crowley, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Amicus Therapeutics, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact
or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the
circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period
covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included
in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of
operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrants other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and
maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and
15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined
in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls
and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information
relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by
others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being
prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused
such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under
our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial
statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants disclosure controls and procedures and
presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and
procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrants internal control over
financial reporting that occurred during the registrants most recent fiscal quarter (the
registrants fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants internal control over
financial reporting; and
5. The registrants other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent
evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrants auditors and the audit
committee of the registrants board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of
internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the
registrants ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who
have a significant role in the registrants internal control over financial reporting.
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Date: October 31, 2007
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/s/ John F. Crowley
John F. Crowley
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President and Chief Executive Officer |
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exv31w2
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a), AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, James E. Dentzer, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Amicus Therapeutics, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact
or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the
circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period
covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included
in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of
operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrants other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and
maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and
15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined
in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls
and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information
relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by
others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being
prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused
such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under
our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial
statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants disclosure controls and procedures and
presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and
procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrants internal control over
financial reporting that occurred during the registrants most recent fiscal quarter (the
registrants fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants internal control over
financial reporting; and
5. The registrants other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent
evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrants auditors and the audit
committee of the registrants board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of
internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the
registrants ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a
significant role in the registrants internal control over financial reporting.
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Date: October 31, 2007
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/s/ James E. Dentzer
James E. Dentzer
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Chief Financial Officer |
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-47-
exv32w1
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Each of the undersigned hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, in his capacity as an officer of Amicus
Therapeutics, Inc. (the Company), that, to his knowledge, the Quarterly Report of the Company on
Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2007, fully complies with the requirements of Section
13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)) and that the
information contained in such report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial
condition and results of operations of the Company. This written statement is being furnished to
the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to such Form 10-Q. A signed original of this
statement has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the
Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
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Date: October 31, 2007
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By:
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/s/ John F. Crowley
John F. Crowley
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President and Chief Executive Officer |
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Date: October 31, 2007
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By:
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/s/ James E. Dentzer
James E. Dentzer
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Chief Financial Officer |
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